Cutaneous metastasis is a phenomenon that results from a tumor spreading via lymphatic or vascular embolization, direct implant during surgery or skin involvement by contiguity. The primary malignant tumor that most commonly metastasizes to the skin in women is breast cancer, which can be manifested through papulonodular lesions, erysipeloid or sclerodermiform infiltration, en cuirasse. We repo...

The primo vascular system has a specific anatomical and immunohistochemical signature that sets it apart from the arteriovenous and lymphatic systems. With immune and endocrine functions, the primo vascular system has been found to play a large role in biological processes, including tissue regeneration, inflammation, and cancer metastases. Although scientifically confirmed in 2002, the origina...

The Corresponding Author has the right to grant on behalf of all authors and does grant on behalf of all authors, an exclusive licence on a worldwide basis to the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and its Licensees to permit this article (if accepted) to be published in BJO and any other BMJPGL products to exploit all subsidiary rights, as set out in our licence Abstract Background: To evaluate whether ...

Abstract Background Lymphatic flow mapping using near-infrared fluorescence (NIR) imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) has been used for the intraoperative prediction of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in various cancers. Previous studies examined feasibility applying this technique to patients esophageal cancer. However, a consistent method that yields sufficient diagnostic quality yet be confirme...

OBJECTIVE To detect the expression of CD133, E-cadherin and WWOX in colorectal cancer, analyze the correlations and pathological significance of the biomarkers. METHODS Two hundred and ten patients with colorectal cancer treated surgically between January 2007 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. All patients had pathologic specimens and integrated clinical data. Pathologic specim...

Endoscopic mucosal resection, which has been widely accepted for the treatment of intramucosal gastric carcinoma (IMGC) because of the minimal invasiveness of the procedure and the sustained quality of life it provides, can only be used on the premise that the carcinoma has no lymph node metastasis. We evaluated the clinicopathological and biological features of IMGC with lymph node metastases ...

As a means of treating lymphatic metastasis from lung cancer, the pharmacokinetics and therapeutic effects of an intrapleural (ipl) implantable drug delivery system consisting of a gelatin sponge impregnated with polylactide-co-glycolide paclitaxel (PLGA-PTX) microspheres were studied. PLGA-PTX with 7% (w/w) drug loading were incorporated into gelatin matrix. The pharmacokinetics were studied i...

Many human tumors, such as those of the breast, metastasize initially via the lymphatics. The tumor cell surface is believed to play a critical role in this process. To study the cell surface properties involved in dissemination, the poorly metastasizing R3230AC rat mammary adenocarcinoma was enriched for metastasizing cells by excising rare lymph node metastases arising after the s.c. injectio...

Contralateral axillary lymph node metastases (CAMs) in breast cancer patients are uncommon. CAM can be found at the time of primary breast cancer diagnosis or following prior treatment of breast cancer as a recurrence. This distinction may have important implications for disease staging and treatment selection. We report the case of a premenopausal woman with synchronous CAM. Despite extensive ...

The main difference between benign and maligant colorectal polyps is the risk of lymphatic and haemotogeneous spread through the submucosal vessels. Malignancy is defined as invasion beyond the muscularis mucosae. In contrast, the benign polyps are confined to the mucosa without crossing the muscolaris mucosae and they have been usually classified as intramucosal neoplasia [1,2]. Interestingly,...