previous evidence has shown that the number of l and m cones in retina varies significantly between subjects. however, it is not clear how the variation of l/m ratio changes the behavioral performance of the subject. a model of transformation of data from retina to visual cortex for evaluation of various l/m cones ratios is presented. while l/m cone ratios close to 1 brings the best performance...

some considerable damage to steel structures during the hyogo-ken nanbu earthquake occurred. among them, many exposed-type column bases failed in several consistent patterns, such as brittle base plate fracture, excessive bolt elongation, unexpected early bolt failure, and inferior construction work, etc. the lessons from these phenomena led to the need for improved understanding of column base...

Simulation (a pre-order) over Kripke structures is a well known formal verification technique. Simulation guarantees that all behaviours of an abstracted structure (a property or function, F ) are contained in a larger structure (a model M). A model, however, may not always simulate a property due to the presence of design errors. In this case, the model is debugged manually. In this paper, we ...

The length of a checking sequence (CS) generated from a deterministic, minimal, and completely specified finite state machine model M of a system under test which does not have a reliable reset feature, is exponential when M does not have a distinguishing sequence. This is due to the exponential length locating sequences that need to be used in such a CS. In this work, we propose a method to de...

We prove new Lindström theorems for the basic modal propositional language, and for the guarded fragment of first-order logic. We find difficulties with such results for modal languages without a finite-depth property, high-lighting the difference between abstract model theory for fragments and for extensions of first-order logic. 1 What is modal logic? I would broadly endorse the 'minimal desi...

The system GMM estimator developed by Blundell and Bond (1998) for dynamic panel data models has been widely used in empirical work; however, it does not perform well with weak instruments. This paper proposes a variation on the system GMM estimator, based on a simple transformation of the dependent variable. Simulation results indicate that, in finite samples, this transformed system GMM estim...

The modified NRTL (m-NRTL) model is used to represent the excess Gibbs free energy of aqueous (alcohol + electrolyte) solutions. In this work, the m-NRTL model previously developed for representation of vapor-liquid equilibria for (polymer + salt + water) systems has been extended to represent liquid-liquid equilibria of (alcohol + salt + water) systems. The proposed extension is a modified of ...

1 This paper provides a first order asymptotic theory for generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators when the number of moment conditions is allowed to increase with the sample size and the moment conditions may be weak. Examples in which these asymptotics are relevant include instrumental variable (IV) estimation with many (possibly weak or uninformed) instruments and some panel data model...

Structural segmentation involves finding hoogeneous sections appearing in a song. The name of these sections depends on the genre of interest. The task is particularly challenging as each of the misclassifed labels gives spurious change points. We have proposed a two step method by finding the boudaries present in the song followed by segment labelling. Novel idea of transforming the features i...