Over the last few year, metalworking sector has been undergoing rapid and radical transformations driven by global competition revision of production focus that is being moved from mass customization to individualization. A results this introduction new manufacturing strategies such as Industry 4.0, a concept combines cyber-physical systems promote communication connectivity. Therefore, changes...

Thin-walled structures like crash boxes may be used as energy absorption members in automotive chassis. There have been many studies addressing the behaviors of energy absorption members on frontal crash. These researches have attempted to predict the energy absorption and maximum impact load in shell structures. The energy absorption and maximum impact load depend on many parameters including ...