modern vehicle bodies make intensive use of high strength steel grades to meet the contradicting demand of lighter weight and simultaneously better mechanical performance. for many steel grades microalloying by niobium is the key to achieve their characteristic property profile. in hsla steels niobium enhances the strength primarily by grain refinement. in interstitial free high strength steels...

We review automation requirements and technologies for semiconductor manufacturing. We first discuss equipment integration architectures and control to meet automation requirements for modern fabs. We explain tool architectures and operational issues for modern integrated tools such as cluster tools, which combine several processing modules with wafer-handling robots. We then review recent prog...

Dramatic improvement in Flash technology over the course of the last decade has led to cheaper and denser Flash devices. The great expansion in information capacity in Flash devices mandates the use of improved error-correcting codes, in terms of both efficiency and reliability. This trend is likely to continue as we transition from single-level cell (SLC) Flash memories to increasingly dense m...

Many recent theoretical developments in the field of machine learning and control have rapidly expanded its relevance to a wide variety of applications. In particular, a variety of portfolio optimization problems have recently been considered as a promising application domain for machine learning and control methods. In highly uncertain and stochastic environments, portfolio optimization can be...

This article discusses the effect of the role of the modern matron on healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) and hospital cleanliness. The way the modern matron's role is developing is examined in relation to HCAI in a large acute NHS trust. As set out in Implementing the NHS Plan: Modern Matrons (Department of Health (DH) 2001), the role of modern matron includes a responsibility to lead clini...

Now a day’s Railway systems plays a key role in transportation in the world. The demands for the trains are increasing drastically. The demand also increases the update of technology day to day. The train journey should be more secure. One of the problems in railway transportation is gate control system. Presently in railways the gate is controlled by manpower. Whenever the train arrives, that ...

The geometric approach is a mathematical concept developed to improve the analysis and synthesis of linear multivariable systems. In this article we summarized the foundations for the geometric approach to both linear and singular systems. A mathematical introduction to the controlled and conditioned invariant subspaces has been presented. Additional characteristic subspaces were introduced, su...

Secure and reliable operation of complex interactive power networks poses significant theoretical and practical challenges in analysis, modeling, simulation, prediction, control, and optimization. In addition, mathematical models of such interactive systems are typically vague (or may not even exist); moreover, existing and classical methods of solution are either unavailable, or are not suffic...

The use of modeling programs for accelerator beamline control and commissioning is becoming an accepted practice. For control applications, the goal in using these programs is to correct deviations in the beam measurements or to change the machine parameters. Since these programs are used for operation of the machine, they are a part of the on-line control system. For commissioning, the goal is...