OBJECTIVE In low- and middle-income countries, bloodstream infections are an important cause of mortality in patients with burns. Increasingly implicated in burn-associated infections are highly drug-resistant pathogens with limited treatment options. We describe the epidemiology of bloodstream infections in patients with burns in a humanitarian surgery project in Iraq. METHODS We performed a...

This article examines a specific line of thinking shared by several contemporary reformist Iranian religious scholars who present arguments in favor freedom religion. Focusing on the ideas five prominent scholars—Abdolkarim Soroush (b.1945), Muhammad Mujtahed Shabestari (b.1936), Hasan Yousefi Eshkevari (b.1950), Mohsen Kadivar (b.1959), and Ahmad Qabel (d.2012)—the argues that these thinkers’ ...

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a supreme pathogen in tropical and subtropical areas. During 2014-2015, a total of 393 tomato samples showing Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) symptoms were collected from six different provinces of Iraq. In serological assays, 55 out of 393 samples (14%) reacted positively with TYLCV-specific antibodies .The presence of TYLCV was verified in 21 (...

We report the presence of the parasitic copepod Ergasilus mosulensis Rahemo, 1982 (Copepoda, Ergasilidae) on the Caspian sheaya, Chalcalburnus mossulensis (Heckel, 1843) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae), caught from Atatürk Dam Lake (360 41' N 370 49' E, Sanliurfa, Turkey) between July and August 2006. A total of 23 Ergasilus mosulensis Rahemo, 1982 (Ergasilidae) were recorded from the gills of this fis...

BACKGROUND Systematic violence is a long-standing problem in Iraq. Research indicates that survivors often experience multiple mental health problems, and that there is a need for more rigorous research that targets symptoms beyond post-traumatic stress (PTS). Our objective was to test the effectiveness of two counseling therapies in Southern Iraq in addressing multiple mental health problems a...

eries of sanctions and prolonged wars have brought enormous calamities in Iraq. In a country where a major bulk of population are children, massive deterioration in physical, mental and social health has been witnessed during and after the conflicts in Iraq. With respect to the increasing burden of infections that have incapacitated children and their lives, the state of nutrition and unavailab...