There has been a long-held misconception among historians of philosophy and science that apart from brief comments in Aristotle and Averroes, the theory of minima naturalia had to await Latin Schoolmen for its full articulation. Recently scholars have shown that far from sporadic comments on minima naturalia, Averroes in fact had a fully developed and well-integrated theory of them. in this stu...

men was rarely used in ancient Egypt, not until much later in its history, but the name stuck and has remained in popular usage. The Egyptians would never have used the word mummy, it has been suggested3 that their word would have been Sahu, which means, an embalmed cadaver. Long after mummification was abandoned, extracts of mummies were used for all sorts of purposes. The Arab physician Avice...

although esthetic is a relative issue, depending upon the country and culture, almost all around the world, there is a consensus that a beautiful set of teeth is the one which is white and bright and is aligned regularly. in iran also the main feature of a beautiful tooth is its whiteness. during the past decades and centuries, tooth discoloration was considered as an esthetic issue and differe...

Background: In the history of medicinal science medieval East, merits great tabibs-physicians Ar-Razi, Avicenna (Ibn Sinо), scientist-encyclopedist Beruni, Yusufi and others are enormous. When treating patients, they used plants, as well fungi, animal (ornithological) mineral products. Such use plants for purposes goes back centuries. this review, we present a compilation most important plant s...

Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii which can have serious consequences for the fetus in case of pergravidicseroconversion. The present work analytical and descriptive complementary studies: prospective (1-09-2015 to 31-12-2015) retrospective study (01-01-2010 31-12-2014) performed service Parasitology - Mycology Marrakesh.The seroprevalence pregnant women immunized...

the topic of “trilogical denotations” (al-dalalat al-thalath) appears in avicenna logic system following the development of the discourse on “terms subject” (al-mabahith al-alfad) in his system. it was avicenna, who, for the first time, paid more attention to this subject and was responsible for its extended discussion. among the issues to which he addresses is the one on trilogical denotations...

despite the fact that ophthalmology is one of the foremost branches of medicine, conceptualization of the structure and function of the eye barely advanced in ancient western civilizations. at the early recovery of persian civilization (9th century ad) after the extinction of the sassanid empire (7th century ad), translations of greek medical textbooks played an important role in the developmen...

Sophisticated/Well-Educated Person from Avicenna’s Perspective*   A. Sohbatloo** M.R. Aahanchiyaan, Ph.D.*** B. Sha’bani Varaki, Ph.D.**** A.R. Saadeghzaadeh Ghamsari, Ph.D.*****   A basic question asked by many philosophers has been about the criteria by which a person’s sophistication is measured and the characteristics by which a sophisticated/well educated person is identified. Given...