High throughput drop-on-demand systems for separation and encapsulation of individual target cells from heterogeneous mixtures of multiple cell types is an emerging method in biotechnology that has broad applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, genomics, and cryobiology. However, cell encapsulation in droplets is a random process that is hard to control. Statistical models ...

In addition to a soluble response, many invertebrates control bacterial infections by means of phagocytosis or melanotic encapsulation. In some insects, Escherichia coli growth is reported to be inhibited by aggregation/encapsulation. Soluble and phagocytic responses to bacterial challenge have been reported in ticks, but evidence of an aggregation / encapsulation response was reported only for...

Amylase is one of the most important enzymes in the world due to its wide application in various industries and biotechnological processes. In this study, amylase enzyme from Hylocereus polyrhizus was encapsulated for the first time in an Arabic gum-chitosan matrix using freeze drying. The encapsulated amylase retained complete biocatalytic activity and exhibited a shift in the optimum temperat...

Practical specification languages for imperative and object-oriented programs, such as JML, Eiffel, and Spec#, allow the use of program expressions including method calls in specification formulas. For coherent semantics of specifications, and to avoid anomalies with runtime assertion checking, expressions in specifications and assertions are typically required to be weakly pure in the sense th...

At the heart of aspect-oriented programming is the exposure of certain phenomena in the execution of one set of program elements to behavioral modifications specified by other elements. The phenomena are join points. The modifying elements are aspects. The problem that we address is that current aspectoriented languages do not provide adequate means to control the exposure of join points for be...

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We present a novel use of the OpenSound Control (OSC) protocol to represent the output of gestural controllers as well as the input to sound synthesis processes. With this scheme, the problem of mapping gestural input into sound synthesis control becomes a simple translation from OSC messages into other OSC messages. We provide examples of this strategy and show benefits including increased enc...

This RFC suggests a proposed protocol for the ARPA-Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

This paper proposes a theory of encapsulation, establishing a relationship between encapsulation and information hiding through the concept of potential structural complexity (P.S.C.), the maximum possible number of source code dependencies that can exist between program units in a software system. The P.S.C. of various, simple systems is examined in an attempt to demonstrate how P.S.C. changes...

We report on the first silica encapsulation of a metazoan (Daphnia magna), with a high initial viability (96% of the population remained active 48 h after encapsulation). Moreover, the co-encapsulation of this crustacean and microalgae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) was achieved, creating inside a silica monolith, the smallest microcosm developed to present. This artificial ecosystem in a gr...