As typical emerging economies in the race for acquiring innovation rents, many emerging economies have the urgency to transform their economy in which dependent on export-oriented manufacturing to knowledge-based economy. Many studies highlighted the pathways taken by these economies to achieve development and how distinctive national innovation system contributed to growth and productivity in ...

Using a mathematical model, we show that a Triple Helix (TH) system contains self-interaction, and therefore self-organization of innovations can be expected in waves, whereas a Double Helix (DH) remains determined by its linear constituents. (The mathematical model is fully elaborated in the Appendices.) The ensuing innovation systems can be expected to have a fractal structure: innovation sys...

nowadays clean energy and technological innovation in this field have becomevery important. dynamic innovation and technology development are done by the formation of technological innovation systems and factors influencing thefunctions of system play a key role in the emergence of such systems.considering the lack of previous researches in this area, this research seeks toanswer the question t...