We develop a simple model for coupling the pseudo-Goldstone bosons of QCD Or's, K's, -q) to quark fields. This nonlocal model incorporates a momentum dependent dynamical quark mass ,~ (p) in a manner consistent with global chiral symmetry. Explicit current quark masses and gauge fields are also introduced. All low energy parameters of the chiral lagrangian are expressed in terms of ~(p). In par...

In this chapter, we apply the variational principle/weighted residual method based on nonlocal operator for derivation of forms elasticity, thin plate, gradient electro–magneto-elasticity and phase field fracture method. The governing equations are expressed as integral support dual-support. first example shows that elasticity has same form dual-horizon non-ordinary state-based peridynamics. is...

Static performance of functionally graded cantilever nanobeams exposed to lateral and axial loads from the end was examined by applying Pseudospectral Chebyshev Method. A solution is given for bending analysis using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The nonlocal elasticity theory first introduced Eringen used represent effect on a small scale. Using aforementioned theory, governing differential equa...