background: it has been shown that inhalation of carbonaceous particulate matter may impair lung function in children. objective: using the carbon content of airway macrophages as a marker of individual exposure to particulate matter derived from fossil fuel, we sought direct evidence for this association. methods: 300 children from puffed rice industrial areas and 300 children from population ...

Permanent tracheotomy was the first surgical procedure proposed for the treatment of severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and is still the only surgical option that ensures, even in very severe cases, complete elimination of apnoea and, in turn, clinical remission. Improved knowledge of the causes of obstructive sleep apnoea syndromes and the increasing therapeutic options (instrumental, me...

References 1 Vestbo J, Hurd SS, Agustı́ AG, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 187: 347–365. 2 Walters JA, Gibson PG, Wood-Baker R, et al. Systemic corticosteroids for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 1: ...

INTRODUCTION Obstructive sleep apnea causes changes in normal sleep architecture, fragmenting it chronically with intermittent hypoxia, leading to serious health consequences in the long term. It is believed that the occurrence of respiratory events during sleep, such as apnea and hypopnea, can impair the transmission of nerve impulses along the auditory pathway that are highly dependent on the...

Keywords Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), airflow obstruction, relief of symptoms, maintenance treatment, exacerbations. 1 correction related to a change on p. 4 Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) EMA/CHMP/700491/2012 2/17 Guideline on clinical investigation of medicinal products in the treatmen...

Seven names 1 condition! The definition of sleep apnoea can be confusing because it is described in research literature under many guises: Obstructive Sleep apnoea (OSA) Sleep Apnoea (SA) Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) Sleep Apnoea/Hypopnoea Syndrome (SAHS) Obstructive Sleep Apnoea/Hypopnoea Syndrome (OSA/H) and of late, a new condition has been introduced Upper Airway Resistance Synd...

Hydrometrocolpos is an uncommon congenital disorder consisting of cystic dilatation the vagina and uterus, usually caused by distal obstruction. Many urogenital malformations, ranging from persistent sinus to cloacal dysgenesis, may cause hydrometrocolpos. In obstructive, uterovaginal causes such as imperforate hymen, transverse vaginal septum are common etiologies. Early diagnosis in antenatal...

The word ‘‘Obstructive’’ is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Increased Iron Sequestration in Alveolar Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The correct citation is: Philippot Q, Deslée G, Adair-Kirk TL, Woods JC, Byers D, et al. (2014) Increased Iron Sequestration in Alveolar Macrophages in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. PLoS ONE 9(5): e96285. doi:1...

BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with significant health consequences. A significant proportion of hospitalized patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnoea were never identified and referred for polysomnography for diagnosis. The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with high risk for obstructive sleep apnoea and use it to identify patients at risk ...