Unnatural chemically modified nucleotide sugars UDP-4-N3-GlcNAc and UDP-4-N3-GalNAc were chemically synthesized for the first time. These unnatural UDP sugar products were then tested for incorporation into hyaluronan, heparosan, or chondroitin using polysaccharide synthases. UDP-4-N3-GlcNAc served as a chain termination substrate for hyaluronan or heparosan synthases; the resulting 4-N3-GlcNAc...

Nucleic acids are biologically active materials, and chemically modified nucleic acids are now being used in nucleic acid drugs. DNA, one of the two types of nucleic acids, can also be used as a material to construct DNA-based delivery systems, such as DNA hydrogel, for therapeutic compounds. Use of chemically modified nucleic acids would greatly increase the therapeutic potency of such DNA-bas...

erythromycin production is clearly enhanced by the addition of vegetable oils. however,whether this positive effect is brought about by the triglyceride or non-triglyceride fraction, isnot clear. the non-triglyceride portions of the oils accumulate in the waste during the refiningprocess leaving mainly triglycerides in the refined oil. in this research, sub-fractions of soybeanoil, including le...

Erythromycin production is clearly enhanced by the addition of vegetable oils. However,whether this positive effect is brought about by the triglyceride or non-triglyceride fraction, isnot clear. The non-triglyceride portions of the oils accumulate in the waste during the refiningprocess leaving mainly triglycerides in the refined oil. In this research, sub-fractions of soybeanoil, including le...

There are only a handful reports about the sensor systems having the ability of detecting the existence of the noble gases. Chemical reluctance of these gaseous species causes them to have no chemical interactions like hydrogen bonding with the chemically designed nano-sized sensors. Noble gasses usually have no atomic charges nor do change the total polarity of the molecular sensor systems. Th...

aptamers define a new interesting class of receptor molecules with capability of binding to potentially any kind of molecules of interest. structurally, they are composed of nucleic acids (rna, dna or a mixture of both) with high specificity and affinity to amino acids, drugs, proteins and other molecules. apatmers are isolated from complex libraries of synthetic nucleic acids against the desir...