Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) is a prominent reagent used in organic synthesis. In this Review, rate studies of LDA-mediated reactions are placed in the broader context of organic synthesis in three distinct segments. The first section provides a tutorial on solution kinetics, emphasizing the characteristic rate behavior caused by dominant solvation and aggregation effects. The second section ...

Electronic self-decoupling of an organic chromophore from a metal substrate is achieved using a naphtalenediimide cyclophane to spatially separate one chromophore unit of the cyclophane from the substrate. Observations of vibronic excitations in scanning tunneling spectra demonstrate the success of this approach. These excitations contribute a significant part of the tunneling current and give ...

This study presents the fabrication process and display characteristics of a flexible organic polymer display device that consists of a thin substrate of Polyether Sulfone, a multilayer serpentine-type microheater array that is fabricated on the substrate, and a UV-sensitive polydiacetylene (PDA)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite film. A retention time of one second is achieved with cell sizes ...

An approach to increase the coupling efficiency of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) is studied. Refractive microlens arrays are formed on the high refractive index glass substrate by etching the glass using reflowed photoresist as mask. Over 65% more light is extracted from the OLED on the microlens array substrate as compared with the conventional device, without affecting the electrical ...

Using density functional theory and the Bardeen, Tersoff, and Hamann formalism we have calculated spin-polarized electron transport in a system involving a nonbonded magnetic probe tip and a self-assembled monolayer SAM of benzene-1,4-dithiol on a Ni 111 substrate. A significantly higher tunneling current is obtained for a configuration in which the spin of the probe tip is aligned parallel to ...

The production of biogas has many advantages against other biomass based processes for production of energy or fuel. Biogas can be produced from any type of biomass whether it is a pure substrate or if it is a mix of materials like source-sorted municipal organic solid waste. The biogas process can handle substrate with different water content, from wet materials like Sewage sludge to dry mater...

The recognition of the biologically and environmentally important ions is of great interest in the field of chemical sensors in recent years. The fluorescent sensors as a powerful optical analytical technique for the detection of low level of various analytes such as anions and metal cations have been progressively developed due to the simplicity, cost effective, and selectivity for monitoring ...

Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) performance depends on the chemical characteristics of the interface between functional semiconductor/dielectric/conductor materials. Here we report for the first time that OTFT response in top-gate architectures strongly depends on the substrate chemical functionalization. Depending on the nature of the substrate surface, dramatic variations and opposite tre...

Chemical cues induce metamorphosis for the larvae of many benthic marine invertebrate species. These cues help to place organisms into habitats that will allow for rapid growth and increased reproductive success. This study was designed to examine the correspondence between induction of metamorphosis and post-metamorphic success in the deposit feeding polychaete Capitella sp. I. Larvae were off...