This review examines the heat production component of thermoregulation in adult humans. It describes the energy requirements of shivering muscles as they attempt to provide sufficient heat to counterbalance increases in heat loss in cold environments. Emphasis is placed on types of metabolic substrates used under various shivering conditions as well as on the effects energy deficit and food con...

Participants in prolonged, physically demanding cold-weather activities are at risk for a condition called "thermoregulatory fatigue". During cold exposure, the increased gradient favoring body heat loss to the environment is opposed by physiological responses and clothing and behavioral strategies that conserve body heat stores to defend body temperature. The primary human physiological respon...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of dexmedetomidine on systemic and cardiac autonomic reflex responses during rest and during thermal stress. METHODS Volunteers received either placebo or low- or high-dose dexmedetomidine (target plasma concentrations 0.3 or 0.6 ng/ml, respectively) infusions in a prospectively randomized, double-blinded crossover study design...

Introduction The shift from adult education to lifelong learning has not only impacted on the role and position of the adult educator, but has also had a profound effect on the legitimation of the learning of adults. Whereas adult education has historically been connected with learning for personal development and empowerment and learning for social inclusiveness and democratic understanding an...

BACKGROUND Postoperative shivering (POS) is a common and distressing experience occurring in up to 60% patients postoperatively. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of tramadol in preventing POS when used with two different induction agent, propofol or thiopentone. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and twenty-four ASA I and II adult patients, aged between 18-60 years, undergoing g...

213(2): 547-556* 1967* -An attempt has been made to ascribe the regulation of body temperature in homeotherms to the hypothalamus and the preoptic region. Results of measurements of hypothalamic temperature and regulatory responses in the normal dog in hot, neutral, and cold environments and in the resting, waking state are interpreted on the assumption that the hypothalamus responds to changes...

BACKGROUND In the present study, we compared changes in body temperature and the occurrence of shivering in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia during warming with either a forced-air warming system or a circulating-water mattress. METHODS Forty-six patients were randomly assigned to either the forced-air warming system (N = 23) or circulating-water mat...