Inorganic polyphosphates are long chains of a few to several hundred phosphate residues linked by phosphoanhydride bonds (Figure 1). Polyphosphates have been found in all cell types examined to date and have been demonstrated to play diverse roles depending on the cell type and circumstances (Kornberg et al., 1999; Kulaev & Kulakovskaya, 2000). The biological roles played by polyphosphates have...

Ditte Caroline Andersen,1,2,* Charlotte Harken Jensen,1 and Søren Paludan Sheikh1,3 1Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark 2Clinical Institute/University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark 3Institute of Molecular Medicine/University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Den...

Detailed 3-D numerical simulations of an elliptical galaxy orbiting in a gas-rich cluster of galaxies indicate that gas dynamic stripping is less efficient than the results from previous, simpler calculations (Takeda et al. 1984; Gaetz et al. 1987) implied. This result is consistent with X-ray data for cluster elliptical galaxies. Hydrodynamic torques and direct accretion of orbital angular mom...

The best known analytical model of swimming was originally developed by Lighthill and is known as large amplitude elongated body theory (LAEBT). Recently, this theory has been improved and adapted to robotics through a series of studies [Boyer et al., 2008, 2010; Candelier et al., 2011] ranging from hydrodynamic modelling to mobile multibody system dynamics. This article marks a further step to...

In Response to Fakruddin et al. dicted to result in substitutions of amino acids at the and Apostolou et al. corresponding positions in the protein sequence. In each of these cases, individual tumor DNA samples possessed the same sequence as that of the corresponding cell line. We agree with many of the above findings, including To determine if the divergent sequences represented the frequency ...

In the last issue, I presented a piece that called into question some of the techniques reported in two papers in high-profile journals that purported to provide statistical evidence for the linguistic status of some ancient symbol systems (Sproat 2010a). Not surprisingly the authors of those two papers took issue with a number of my claims, and have requested the opportunity to respond. The tw...

Plant carbohydrates can be classified into three categories: 1) simple sugars and their conjugates (glucose, fructose, etc.); 2) storage reserve compounds (starch); and 3) structural carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose, etc.). Simple sugars and storage compounds are primarily digested in the upper gastrointestinal tract, although not completely, while structural carbohydrates are only parti...

The increasing acceptance of recognizing the value of quality of life (QoL) studies in psoriasis treatment research suggests the somatopsychic view to be the most important psychodermatological aspect. In a recent study on 6,194 severely affected psoriasis patients, Krueger et al. [2001] described that 79% reported psoriasis to have a negative impact on their lives. Consistent with this high pe...