Open access is sometimes seen as promoting rail competition effectively when infrastructure geography and market demand restricts routings — e.g. in Europe. European railways are passenger-oriented, highly scheduled, poorly standardized, and lines serve specialized functions. Conversely, American railroads are freight-oriented, flexible, and highly standardized. Consequently, optimal forms of o...

This paper discusses uniqueness of user equilibrium in transportation networks with heterogeneous commuters. Daganzo (1983, Transportation Science) proved the uniqueness of (stochastic) user equilibrium when commuters have heterogeneous tastes over possible paths but identical disutility functions from time costs. We Þrst show, by example, that his result may not apply in general networks if di...

The Dial-A-Ride Problem (DARP) has often been used to organize transport of elderly and handicapped people, assuming that these people can book their transport in advance. But the DARP can also be used to organize usual passenger or goods transportation in real online scenarios with time window constraints. This paper presents an efficient exact algorithm with significantly reduced calculation ...

In order to improve the operational efficiency of public transportation systems in rural areas, we investigated demand-responsive customized bus vehicle route optimization problem. First, a two-stage planning model describing problem reservation phase and real-time was constructed with objectives minimizing operating cost operator travel time passenger, passenger window, characteristics, rated ...

This paper analyzes aggregate personal motor-vehicle travel within a simultaneous model of aggregate vehicle travel, fleet size, fuel efficiency, and congestion formation. We measure the impacts of driving costs on congestion, and two other well-known feedback effects affecting motor-vehicle travel: its responses to aggregate road capacity (“induced demand”) and to driving costs including those...

The primary objective of the National Airspace System (NAS) is the transportation of passengers and cargo. Since passenger trip time performance is positively correlated with passenger satisfaction, airfare elasticity, and airline profits, it follows that the National Air Space (NAS) performance evaluation, modernization, and consumer protection should be based on passenger trip performance. Pu...

The most common problem in vertical transportation using elevator group appears when a passenger wants to travel from a floor to other different floor in a building. The passenger makes a hall call by pressing a landing call button installed at the floor and located near the cars of the elevator group. After that, the elevator controller receives the call and identifies which one of the elevato...

This work presents the MADARP agent architecture, devoted to the planning and scheduling of trip requests under a dynamic scenario within the context of passenger transportation systems. The architecture provides a set of base agents that perform the basic interface, planning and support services for managing different types of transportation requests by using a heterogeneous fleet of transport...

Improvements in passenger compartment comfort continue to be one of the key needs of the global transportation industry. Since their introduction more than 40 years ago, flexible molded polyurethane foams have successfully contributed to the comfort provided by all forms of transportation seating. Initially required to provide just a wide range of load bearing, seating foams are now being desig...