The aim of this study was to assess the influence micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) voxel size on evaluation debris accumulation after passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in curved root canals prepared with rotary nickel-titanium files. Mesial (n = 24) mandibular molars curvature between 25° and 35° were using ProDesign Logic 30/.05 (PDL) or HyFlex EDM 25/.08 (HEDM). PUI performed canal prep...

background maternal passive smoking or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke may be a risk factor for maternal and newborn morbidity. objectives the current study aimed to assess the relationship between preterm delivery and tobacco smoke exposure in pregnant woman referring to the shabih-khani maternity hospital in kashan, iran. patients and methods an analytical retrospective cohort study w...

asthma environmental triggers play important roles in severity of disease. passive smoking could exacerbate asthma symptoms and enhance the decrease in lung function. cotinine levels could be a reflection of passive exposure to the cigarette both in adults and pediatrics. the aim of this study was to determine degree of association of asthma severity and cotinine level as a marker of passive sm...

leishmaniasis is a common parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. police personnel deployed in the suburbs and rural areas are the most often exposed to the potential risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis. furthermore, since the same police personnel are sent on duty to other places, their migrations can also play a considerable role in the transmission of this disease to th...

introduction : adverse health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ets) among non-smokers have been studied occasionally in developing countries. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to ets on outcome in pregnancy methods: in this descriptive and analytical study 600 non-smoking women delivering a singleton live baby were studied in delivery room in haja...

objectives: specific language impaired children, despite being normal in cognitive and neurological characteristics, and also normal levels of hearing, experience multiple problems in syntax comprehension. this study compared the passive comprehension as one of syntactic structures in persian-speaking typically developing children and specific language impaired children. methods: 10 children wi...

introduction: the passive sentence structure is one of the most interesting syntactic structures on language development. studies in some languages have indicated that comprehension of this syntactic structure takes place late in the language acquisition process. therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the comprehension of active and passive structures in 48-59- and 60-71-month-o...