Our physical environment is endowed with unlimited amount of natural and artificial sources of energy at various low exergetic levels which leaves them almost impossible to be thermally utilized at such source states. The thermal upgrading of these low exergetic energy sources could render them amenable to various practical thermal usages. This paper provides a comparative study through simulat...

By 2013, world pharmaceutical packaging demand is projected to increase to $62.3 billion dollars, increasing from last year’s $45.9 billion. Packaging is a vital and critical step in the drug development process, and after spending up to 10 years or more and millions of dollars developing a product, it’s the last thing manufacturers should overlook. Packaging should be tested just as rigorously...

The continuity of operations in pharmaceutical/healthcare supply chains is vital to human welfare and the span and quality-of-life of patients [1]. This is particularly important when the population is confronted with a massive health problem, such as a breakout of a pandemic (e.g., a deleterious mutation of the swine flu H1N1 virus), an industrial accident (e.g., the release of a massive dose ...

Glycerol is a popular alcohol used within the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care industry. Glycerol (or glycerine) is listed in over 2,000 products, such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and pain relief medication due to its desirable properties to act as a humectant, preservative, and lubricant. It is prepared from fats and oils and also as a by-product from biofuel production. Demand for glycer...

The monocotyledonous Dioscorea genus is known as yam. Many species of Dioscorea genus are economically important crops of worldwide and many of them have been used in the pharmaceutical industry. In vitro propagation of Dioscorea species pave the way to meet the demand of this economically important plant. The protocols are designed to provide the optimal levels of mineral nutrients, environmen...

Distribution network design as a strategic decision has long-term effect on tactical and operational supply chain management. In this research, the location-allocation problem is studied under demand uncertainty. The purposes of this study were to specify the optimal number and location of distribution centers and to determine the allocation of customer demands to distribution centers. The m...

Pharmaceutical pollutants are one of the most important issues of modern life and their negative effects on the environment and human health are undeniable. In the present work, the effectiveness of the photocatalytic process was studied by two semiconductors (ZnO and V2O5) in order to remove the Diclofenac Sodium completely under solar irradiation. The study examined the impact of parameters s...

Background & Aims of the Study: Pharmaceutical compounds have a variety of forms and applications. Specific amounts of toxic organic compounds in the process of their manufacturing and utilization cause environmental pollution problems. So, degradation and removal these compounds are necessary. The aim of this paper is the study photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin drug in aqueous soluti...

Copyright: © 2016 Polo F, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. In the clinical practice, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) concerns the analytical determination of pharmaceutical drug concent...