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I present and analyze test results from circuits that perform all four major operations performed by biological reti-nae using neurobiological principles: (1) continuous sensing for detection, (2) local automatic gain control for ampli-cation, (3) spatiotemporal bandpass ltering for prepro-cessing, and (4) adaptive sampling for quantization. In the retinomorphic system that I describe, all thes...

Nowadays, most communication networks such as local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs) have replaced or are about to replace coaxial cable or twisted copper wire with fiber optical cables. Light-wave communication systems comprise a transmitter based on a visible or near-infrared light source, whose carrier is modulated by the information sign...

3 Volume 3, Issue 1, May 006 The notion of a ‘frame’ of video data has become so embedded in computer vision that it is taken for granted. This is natural, given that the only available input devices have always been frame-based—from drum scanners and videcon tubes to CCDs (chargecoupled devices) and CMOS (complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor) imagers. Also, frame-based imagers have undeniab...

We describe an electronic photoreceptor circuit that is sensitive to small changes in incident light intensity. The sensitivity to change8 in the intensity is achieved by feeding back to the input a filtered version of the output. The feedback loop includes a hysteretic element. The circuit behaves in a manner reminiscent of the gain control properties and temporal responses of a variety of ret...

Usually, one favors a low resonance peak for vibration sensing, since this expands the measurement range. Furthermore, one wants to avoid ringing. Both requirements are met by a high damping, i.e. a low quality factor of Q ~ 1. In this contribution, we show that it is possible to design a micro-opto-electro-mechanical system (MOEMS) vibration sensor featuring a strong passive damping leading to...

We derive theoretically and demonstrate experimentally an approach to range-from-focus with an important improvement over all previous methods. Previous methods rely on subjective measures of sharpness to focus a selected locale of the image. Our method uses measured physical features of the optical signal to generate an objective focus-error distance map. To compute range-from-focus-error dist...

This paper presents the design, simulation, and preliminary measurement of a passive (battery-free) frequency doubling antenna sensor for strain sensing. Illuminated by a wireless reader, the sensor consists of three components, i.e. a receiving antenna with resonance frequency f0, a transmitting antenna with resonance frequency 2f0, and a matching network between the receiving and transmitting...

This paper specifically objects to the opto-mechanical scanning properties of microscope, P probe, and neural properties of ear & brain their equivalent circuitry. Photo-imaging sensor functions to capture & extract the physical, morphological and structural design parameters of the microscopic slide, it becomes the interface between the PC and the object. An aperture of the camera lens is equi...