In a competitive environment reactive power management is an essential service provided by independent system operator taking into account the voltage security and transmission losses. The system operator adopts a transparent and non-discriminatory procedure to procure the reactive power supply for optimal deployment in the system. Since generators’ are the main source of reactive power generat...

An analysis was conducted to examine the market visibility of small aircraft as a transportation mode in competition with automobile and scheduled commercial air travel by estimating the pool of users that would potentially switch on-demand air travel due to cost/time saving. These new aircraft greatly increase the practicality of regional aircraft as a transportation mode that can avoid the co...

introduction: market power is an important factor affecting welfare. existence of market power on the purchase side reduces supplier welfare. however, existence of market power on the sales side reduces supplier welfare. some believe that the agricultural market structure is a monopoly. in fact, most of the agricultural products can be purchased by small firms and then delivered to consumers be...

Abstract China is currently in the process of power market reform. With continuous deepening reform, there will be more and uncertain factors future market. Although advancement marketization bring benefits to players, it also Bringing huge risks. Thus, a monitoring indicator system great significance achieve risk management. The needs fully consider particularity commodities. In design process...

since the emergence of power market, the target of power generating utilities has mainly switched from cost minimization to revenue maximization. they dispatch their power energy generation units in the uncertain environment of power market. as a result, multi-stage stochastic programming has been applied widely by many power generating agents as a suitable tool for dealing with self-scheduling...

this study analyzed the performance of cabbage marketing in abia state, nigeria. specifically the study sought to: describe socio-economic characteristics of cabbage marketers; identify marketing channels of cabbage; determine marketing cost components of cabbage marketers; determine marketing margins, market share and marketing efficiency of cabbage marketers; and determine socio-economic fact...