General anesthesia (GA) and local anesthesia (LA) evolved on separate tracks. Procedures that could not be performed under LA were typically conducted under GA. Decoding of afferent linkage of peripheral noxious stimuli has provided important understanding that may change the way we traditionally treat surgical pain. In the 1980s, animal studies suggested that preemptive peripheral blocking of ...

For the perioperative management, acute and chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) are urgent medical matters to be considered. The International Association for Study of Pain (IASP) has named 2017 as Global Year Against After Surgery where they focused on after surgery. As one various aspects pain, had published fact sheet “Chronic Postsurgical (CPSP): Definition, Impact, Prevention”. In sheet, conc...

BACKGROUND: Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) affords a high cure rate for cutaneous carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to characterize the pain patients experience after MMS and reconstruction of the head and neck, and to determine if preemptive dosing of analgesics was superior to patient‐initiated dosing on an "as needed" basis. METHODS: A controlled trial of 200 subjects undergoing...

BACKGROUND mu-Opioid receptor agonists are strong analgesics. However, their usefulness for preemptive analgesia is controversial. The authors tested antinociceptive and preemptive properties of fentanyl as a mu-opioid receptor agonist in a model of spinal nociception in vivo. METHODS C fiber-evoked potentials were recorded in the superficial laminae I-II of the rat lumbar spinal cord with gl...

BACKGROUND Lumbar spine surgery is associated with hemodynamic variations at intubation, change of position, and skin incision. A balanced anesthesia with multimodal analgesia (MMA) is necessary to attenuate these changes. AIM To assess the relative effectiveness of preemptive MMA compared with the conventional analgesic regime in suppressing the hemodynamic response to endotracheal intubatio...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the pre-emptive analgesic efficacy of intravenous (IV) dexketoprofen trometamol (DT) and placebo, following impacted mandibular third molar surgery. METHODS Twenty patients over 18 year old who needed bilateral lower third molar extractions were included in this prospective, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients whom had take...

BACKGROUND Preemptive analgesia is the blocking of pain perception afferent pathways before noxious painful stimuli. Clonidine is an alpha agonist drug that is partially selective for α-2 adrenoreceptors. Clonidine is used as anti-anxiety medication and an, analgesic, and it prolongs the duration of the block in the brachial plexus block. OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of preemptive clonidi...