Since 2010, government policy in England has positioned further education almost exclusively as employment-orientated training for school leavers whilst also imposing severe budget cuts. During this period, values-based pedagogies that foreground social justice students, many of whom come from low-income households, have been undermined. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, there is evidence mental...

This article demonstrates a method to measure the extent and variation of ethnoracial disproportion in world prison populations. Using novel data set covering eighteen democracies for year 2016, this shows that conspicuous prisons is pervasive which available. Socioeconomically marginalized ethnic racial groups are overrepresented every case. Further, pattern extends countries known penal progr...