The beautiful Euler spiral, defined by the linear relationship between curvature and arclength, was first proposed as a problem of elasticity by James Bernoulli, then solved accurately by Leonhard Euler. Since then, it has been independently reinvented twice, first by Augustin Fresnel to compute diffraction of light through a slit, and again by Arthur Talbot to produce an ideal shape for a rail...

The representation of curves by integral invariant signatures is an important step inshape recognition and classification. Integral invariants are preferred over their differential counter-parts due to their robustness with respect to noise. However, in contrast to differential invariants ofcurves, it is currently unknown whether integral signatures offer unique representations of c...

We study hydroelastic waves in interfacial flow of two-dimensional irrotational fluids. Each of the fluids is taken to be of infinite extent in one vertical direction, and bounded by a free surface in the other vertical direction. Elastic effects are considered at the free surface; this can describe physical settings such as the ocean bounded above by a layer of ice. A previous study proved wel...

This material is studying MV-algebras and BL-algebras in terms of applicability in Boole algebra. Boole algebras are expanded use in fuzzy logic.

We define pseudo-reality and pseudo-adjointness of a Hamiltonian, H, as ρHρ−1 = H∗ and μHμ−1 = H ′, respectively. We prove that the former yields the necessary condition for spectrum to be real whereas the latter helps in fixing a definition for inner-product of the eigenstates. Here we separate out adjointness of an operator from its Hermitian-adjointness. It turns out that a Hamiltonian posse...

In this paper, we derive a nonlinear Picone identity to the pseudo p-Laplace operator, which contains some known Picone identities and removes a condition used in many previous papers. Some applications are given including a Liouville type theorem to the singular pseudo p-Laplace system, a Sturmian comparison principle to the pseudo p-Laplace equation, a new Hardy type inequality with weight an...

In this paper, we propose a new definition of intuitionistic fuzzyquasi-metric and pseudo-metric spaces based on intuitionistic fuzzy points. Weprove some properties of intuitionistic fuzzy quasi- metric and pseudo-metricspaces, and show that every intuitionistic fuzzy pseudo-metric space is intuitionisticfuzzy regular and intuitionistic fuzzy completely normal and henceintuitionistic fuzzy nor...

Benign lesions may simulate bronchogenic carcinoma by virtue of radiologic appearance or false-positive cytologic studies. A lung opacity initially suspected to be malignant was, on review, considered to be a loculated effusion. Needle biopsy yielded cells which appeared malignant. The resected lesion was a benign infarct.

As an example of the categorical apparatus of pseudo algebras over 2-theories, we show that pseudo algebras over the 2theory of categories can be viewed as pseudo double categories with folding or as appropriate 2-functors into bicategories. Foldings are equivalent to connection pairs, and also to thin structures if the vertical and horizontal morphisms coincide. In a sense, the squares of a do...