OBJECTIVE To estimate the health-related economic costs attributable to smoking in China for persons aged 35 and older in 2003 and in 2008 and to compare these costs with the respective results from 2000. METHODS A prevalence-based, disease-specific approach was used to estimate smoking-attributable direct and indirect economic costs. The primary data source was the 2003 and 2008 China Nation...

Recombinant protein purification is a kind of sensitive and expensive method in genetics engineering. Genetic manipulation leads to the expression of various proteins; it should be isolated with high purity finally. Differed methods for protein purification are categorized, based on cast, quality, Easy work and side effect of protein. In this article, we are investigating his His-tag protein pu...

Aiming for hydrogen and oxidation easily produced in the melting process of Al-Mg alloys, three processes, including non-vacuum static melt treatment, rotary-injection purification vacuum-stirring purification, were used to purify Al-6Mg alloy melt. The content inclusion studied by means solid-state measurement method, reduced pressure test FESEM EDS. results show that effect is better than tre...

introduction: medicine is an inseparable link of health chain; a flaw in health process for high expenditures of the medicine or inappropriate access shall certainly bring higher costs in the mentioned procedure. the present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the households’ income, geographical access, patients’ direct payment, physician's visit and insured' inpatient rate on the amount of ...

Abstract Background As wild poliovirus is eradicated, preventing circulation of vaccine-derived top priority. Our lab developed real-time multiplex PCR assays and deep sequencing methodology to detect characterize OPV strains from stool samples. The method requires gel purification product created viral RNA in However, the process filters out a significant portion Here, we compare gel- vs. DNA-...

Culture medium used in antibody purification contains growth factors, but is usually discarded after antibody purification. We examined to determine whether the growth factors can be (i) recovered and (ii) used in subsequent cell culture. Using this medium enhanced the survival of hybridoma cells and improved antibody production. Culture medium previously used in antibody purification offers an...

We achieved the synthesis of important medronic acid monoalkyl esters via the dealkylation of mixed trimethyl monoalkyl esters of medronic acid. Two methods were developed for the purification of medronic acid monoesters: 1) small scale (10-20 mg) purification by using hydroxyapatite and 2) large scale (tested up to 140 mg) purification by high-performance countercurrent chromatography (HPCCC).

BACKGROUND p-aminobenzamidine (p-ABA) is used as a ligand in the purification of many serine proteases and in their removal from heterogeneous samples. Moreover, p-ABA has a potent ability to bind Ca(2+)-binding proteins. The binding ability and use of p-ABA in purification processes is still not fully understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A p-Aminobenzamidine (p-ABA) ligand enabled the ...