Hindi and Urdu share a grammar and a basic vocabulary, but are often mutually unintelligible because they use different words in higher registers and sometimes even in quite ordinary situations. We report computational translation evidence of this unusual relationship (it differs from the usual pattern, that related languages share the advanced vocabulary and differ in the basics). We took a GF...

In this paper we present a CLP based method for the direct implementation of HPSG, a grammar formalism employing strongly typed feature structures and principles to constrain them. We interpret uniication of typed feature structures under the restrictions of principled constraints as constraint solving in the CLP paradigm. The aim of our implementation method is to operationalize the declarativ...

In this paper I propose cyclic and stratal extensions to FiniteState Optimality Theory as treatments for vowel harmony and for opaque phenomena more generally. I develop a model of grammar and an accompanying set of constraints within a software model built on the opensource PyPhon toolkit—a computational implementation of OT’s Gen and EVAL algorithms. 0 Constraint-based grammars and typology S...

This research reviews the explanatory sentence in Arabic grammar and its functional connotation, which is a clarification of an ambiguous one, removal ambiguity, previous sentence, whether thumb result exploitation singular or connotation combined. The shows virtue that has no place expression revealing, clarifying truth what follows, purpose to show, detail clarify comes before it, it confirms...

In this paper, we analyze the consonant co-occurrence restrictions in the Austronesian language Muna. As in Arabic and other languages, homorganic segments are underrepresented, particularly ones that are also similar in other ways. However, in Muna [voice] plays an unusually central role in this pattern. We analyze the Muna restrictions within Optimality Theory, using OCP-PLACE constraints rel...

N. Shokri 1, , E. Azizi , H. Akbari Javar 1, , Sh. Fouladdel , A. Khalaj 3 and R. Dinarvand 1, 4 Department of Pharmaceutics , Faculty of pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Molecular Research Lab , Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Medicinal Chemistry , Faculty of Pharmacy,...