Electroosmotic flow has been shown to be controlled via an applied radial voltage. Many factors determine the effectiveness of this control, and one major factor is buffer pH. In this study the effectiveness of the applied radial voltage for controlling electroosmotic flow while varying buffer pH is examined. Previously developed theory is applied and compared to experimental results for a pH r...

Many effects influence toroidal flow evolution in tokamak plasmas. Momentum sources and radial transport due to collisional processes and microturbulence-induced anomalous transport are usually considered. In addition, toroidal flow can be affected by non-axisymmetric magnetic fields; resonant components cause localized electromagnetic toroidal torques near rational surfaces in flowing plasmas ...

Knowledge of sap flow variability in tree trunks is important for up-scaling transpiration from the measuring point to the whole-tree and stand levels. Natural variability in sap flow, both radial and circumferential, was studied in the trunks and branches of mature olive trees (Olea europea L., cv Coratina) by the heat field deformation method using multi-point sensors. Sapwood depth ranged fr...

This paper proposes a backward/forward sweep method to analyze the power flow in radial distribution systems. The distribution system has radial structure and high R/X ratios. So the newton-raphson and fast decoupled methods are failed with distribution system. The proposed method presents a load flow study using backward/forward sweep method, which is one of the most effective methods for the ...

OBJECTIVE Our aim was to study the significance of persistently absent radial pulse, with monophasic doppler flow after close reduction percutaneous pinning of displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus, and the need of early exploration of brachial artery in such cases. METHODS Between July 1992 and 1999, 86 children with Grade III supracondylar fracture of humerus were treated at King Khal...

This paper applies an evolutionary algorithm, the particle swarm optimization (PSO), to design the optimum open channel section. Depth, channel side slope and bottom width are considered as the variables for rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal channels, respectively. The objective function is minimizing the construction cost of the channel section. MATLAB software is used for programming an...

The focus of a radial optic flow is a valid visual cue used to perceive and control the heading direction of animals. Gaze patterns in response to the focus of radial optic flow were measured in human infants (N = 100, 4-18 months) and in adults (N = 20) using an eye-tracking technique. Overall, although the adults showed an advantage in detecting the focus of an expansion flow (representing fo...

The fluid dynamics of a particle with vapor transport in the presence of gaseous Poiseuille flow is examined in detail for low translational Reynolds number. Poiseuille flow is used to represent an undisturbed steady flow in a cylindrical tube. The particle has a dominant radial field of condensation, evaporation, sublimation, or other form of gasification, with a corresponding radial Reynolds ...

Spacers are used in spiral wound and plate and frame membrane modules to create flow channels between adjacent membrane layers and mix fluid within the flow channel. Flow through the spacer has a significant beneficial impact on mixing and resulting mass transfer rates but is accompanied by an undesirable increase in pressure drop. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a common tool used to eva...