The discovery of X-ray diffraction in 1912 by Laue and co-workers had important implications for the physics of diffraction, for the nature of X-radiation and for the structure of matter. Lawrence Bragg made important contributions to early developments in each of these areas, but the most pregnant of his innovations was in structure determination from X-ray diffraction data. He continued to ma...

Statistical descriptors of the X-ray diffraction data set for a macromolecular crystal can be modelled using the information present in the initial diffraction images. Quantitative relationships between the crystal quality, beam apertures, oscillation width, resolution limit, redundancy and the data statistics are presented. They are analysed in terms of the radiation-dose requirements based on...

Non-governmental environmental organisations (environmental NGOs) may consider the issue of radiological protection of the environment differently to other interested parties such as regulators or industry. While environmental NGOs are broadly positive towards the current emphasis and engagement on radiological protection of the environment per se, there remain concerns about the precise meanin...

Despite the recent substantial technological developments in X-ray crystallography, solving and refining structures at low resolutions remain substantial challenges. Many macromolecular crystals, especially those of large molecules or multicomponent assemblies, diffract X-rays to resolutions that are worse than 3.5Å. This report summarizes several recent advances aiding low resolution crystallo...

of the Dissertation Soft X-ray diffraction imaging with and without lenses and Radiation damage studies

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems and antenna configurations for wideband multimode diversity rank among the emerging key technologies in next generation wireless communication systems. The analysis of such transmission systems usually neglects the influences of real antenna radiation characteristics as well as the influences of mutual coupling in a multielement antenna arra...

The authors provide a survey of how images are used in radiation therapy to improve the precision of radiation therapy plans, and delivery of radiation treatment. In contrast to diagnostic radiology, where the focus is on interpretation of the images to decide if disease is present, radiation therapy quantifies the extent of the region to be treated, and relates it to the proposed treatment usi...

background: the number of interventional cardiology (ic) procedures has increased rapidly. coronary angiography (ca) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (ptca) are now widely performed as a matter of routine, and they are considered safe procedures for experienced cardiologists. however, it is also known that these procedures are associated with high radiation doses due to long f...