OBJECTIVE Illicit drug and heavy alcohol use is more common among sexual minorities compared with heterosexuals. This difference has sometimes been attributed to more tolerant substance use norms within the gay community, although evidence is sparse. The current study investigated the role of perceived drug availability and tolerant injunctive norms in mediating the linkage between minority sex...

In this article, we ask to what extent the specific characteristics of epigenetics may affect the type of questions one can ask about human society. We pay particular attention to the way epigenetic research stirs debate about normative and moral issues. Are these issues implied by scientific evidence as an outcome of research? Or do moral and normative issues also shape how research is done an...

abstract background: many factors have been mentioned to influence decision‑making for different kinds of delivery. decision‑making for vaginal delivery is under the influence of culture, perceptions, beliefs, values, attitudes, personalities, and knowledge. the current study aims at exploring the determinants of decision‑making for vaginal delivery in the north of iran from women’s perspective...

appearing a new field of psychiatry called social psychiatry and its applied field , community psychiatry , the attentions have been drawn toward socio- cultural factors in determining different pathologies and even some theories have been stated. psychiatric symptoms are considered as deviation from social norms and being mental patient is viewed as a social role. severe mental disorders are e...

Human behavior is strongly affected by culturally transmitted norms and values. Certain norms are internalized (i.e., acting according to a norm becomes an end in itself rather than merely a tool in achieving certain goals or avoiding social sanctions). Humans' capacity to internalize norms likely evolved in our ancestors to simplify solving certain challenges-including social ones. Here we stu...

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate to what extent norm predicates (expressed with words such as "ought", "permitted' and "wrong") can be defined in terms of value predicates (expressed with words such as "good", "bad", and "better"). Not even those words of naturallanguage that are paradigmatically logical (such as "not", "or", and "all") correspond exactly to symbols or express...

Pro-environmental behaviors (PEBs) have been linked in the literature to social norms, intrinsic motivation and external conditions. However, no study has jointly analyzed these factors on a cross-country dataset given holistic explanation of variance observed adoption rates PEBs across countries. Using measuring individual eight European Union's 28 member states (in 2018), we econometrically t...

Based on the experiences of Japan and Germany, Ikegami argues that middle-income countries should introduce public long-term care insurance (LTCi) at an early stage, before benefits have expanded as a result of ad hoc policy decisions to win popular support. The experience of the Netherlands, however, shows that an early introduction of public LTCi may not prevent, but ...