The intensity value recorded by terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) systems is significantly influenced by the incidence angle. The incidence angle effect is an object property, which is mainly related to target scattering properties, surface structures, and even some instrumental effects. Most existing models focus on diffuse reflections of rough surfaces and ignore specular reflections, despite ...

Seismic and gravity data taken along line 1 of the 1982 Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling (COCORP) Mojave Desert Survey (N-S profile, -30 km long) have been used to characterize the upper crust north of the San Andreas fault in the western Mojave block of southern California. Consortium for Continental Reflection Profiling seismic reflection data were reprocessed to emphasize the ...

Claerbout’s daylight imaging concept is generalized to the general theory of interferometric seismic imaging (II). Interferometric seismic imaging is defined to be any algorithm that inverts crosscorrelated seismic data for the reflectivity or source distribution. As examples, we show that II can be used to image reflectivity distributions by migrating ghost reflections in passive seismic data,...

The nonlinear inverse problem for seismic reflection data is solved in the acoustic approximation. The method is based on the generalized least-squares criterion, and it can handle errors in the data set and a priori information on the model. Multiply reflected energy is naturally taken into account, as well as refracted energy or surface waves. The inverse problem can be solved using an iterat...

In reflection seismology, knowing the seismic wavelet is important both for processing seismic data and for modeling the seismic response. There are two approaches to obtain the seismic wavelet. One approach is deterministic and the other is statistic. This work belongs to the second category. A seismic wavelet is determined by the product of amplitude spectrum and phase spectrum. A conventiona...

detection of subsurface structures by means of gravity method can be used to determine mass distribution and density contrast of rock units. this distribution could be detected by different geophysical methods, especially gravity method. however, gravity techniques have some drawbacks and can't be always successful in distinguishing subsurface structures. performance of the gravity technique co...

Subsurface rock strata are often conceptualized in three dimensions as depth surfaces, or horizons. By picking the corresponding reflection event from 3-D seismic data, an approximate “seismic horizon” can be obtained, but in general the inconsistencies in the approximation are nontrivial. Picks from well log data give the depth to the horizon to high accuracy, but only at a few points. To achi...