the objective of this paper is to explore the effect of financial crisis on trade flows of steel industries in the major asian-pacific steel producing countries. using a static and dynamic panel data analysis, we test the hypothesis that the global financial crisis has a negative effect on asia-pacific bilateral steel trade flows. we also examine the role of regional trade integration in bilate...

The well-known question whether regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the multilateral trading system (MTS) are “strangers, friends, or foes” (Bhagwati and Panagariya, 1996) has gained new importance with the widespread proliferation of RTAs in recent years. Based on an extensive data set which covers most of world trade over the past 60 years and about 240 regional trade agreements, we analyze ...

The well-known question whether regional trade agreements (RTAs) and the multilateral trading system (MTS) are “strangers, friends, or foes” (Bhagwati and Panagariya, 1996) has gained new importance with the widespread proliferation of RTAs in recent years. Based on an extensive data set which covers most of world trade over the past 60 years and about 240 regional trade agreements, we analyze ...

This paper examines how interest groups influence the decision to negotiate trade problems at the bilateral level, through adjudication, or in a comprehensive trade round. The institutional venues available for trade negotiations vary in terms of issues, rules, actors, and duration. Interest groups have preferences over the choice of institutional venue because differences in the scope and timi...

this article studies harmful effects of various forms of illegal trade and illegitimate use of small arms and light weapons on the human life. the authors continue to present a definition of small arms and light weapons and then scrutinize the different types of their illicit trade and various aspects of their impact on armed conflicts, living conditions of women and children, refugees, humanit...