dens invagination is a developmental anomaly requiring specific treatment approaches. oehler's type iii dens in dente, extends into the root and perforates at the apical area or lateral surface of the root. in this case endodontic treatment of the invaginated tooth was carried out through the central lumen of the invagination with calcium hydroxide without manipulation of the main pulp canal, t...

anatomy of the root canal system always effects endodontic treatment outcome. mandibular premolar teeth show extreme variations in root canal morphology. first premolars usually exhibit basic one root and one canal anatomy. the occurrence of three roots in mandibular first premolar has not been commonly reported in literature. this article reports a case of successful nonsurgical endodontic man...

successful root canal treatment requires adequate knowledge regarding morphologic variations in root canal system of teeth. this report describes a six-canalled mandibular first molar with four mesial root canals requiring endodontic retreatment. the two additional canals in the mesial root were found during retreatment with the aid of illumination and magnification. in conclusion, the possibil...

presence of extra roots and canals should be considered before initiation of root canal treatment for the success of endodontic treatment. a mandibular second premolar with three separate roots is very rare and its prevalence has been reported to be around 0.1%. this case report explains non-surgical endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with three separate roots and three separa...

BACKGROUND To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the apical root resorption seen after orthodontic treatment with the conventional brackets and the self-ligating brackets. METHODS Pre-treatment and post-treatment periapical radio-graphs of 70 patients, (35 treated with the Damon3 0.022" bracket and 35 with the 0.022" 3 M bracket) were studied. The long cone paralleling te...

sustainable agriculture for producing food is not possible without optimal use of water resources. because of the limitation of water resources, deficit irrigation would be essential to increase water productivity. in order to evaluate the effects of deficit irrigation on quality and quantity of sugar beet, an experiment was carried out in a farm in miandoab agricultural research station for 2 ...

Tomato (Lycpoersicum esculemtum) belongs to the Solanaceae potato family and is an important crop plant. It is relatively resistant to salinity, but in the saline environment growth and production of the plant significantly reduces. On the other hand, the presence of mycorrhiza fungus can improve the adverse effects of salinity. A factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with thre...

Root canal irrigants play an important role in the success of root canal treatment. As the major objective in root canal treatment is to disinfect the entire root canal system, it requires that the pulpal contents be eliminated as sources of infection. This goal may be accomplished using mechanical instrumentation and chemical irrigation, in conjunction with medication of the root canal between...

In previous studies, we demonstrated that ammonium nutrition enhances the drought tolerance of rice seedlings compared to nitrate nutrition and contributes to a higher root water uptake ability. It remains unclear why rice seedlings maintain a higher water uptake ability when supplied with ammonium under drought stress. Here, we focused on the effects of nitrogen form and drought stress on root...

Calcium deposited within a root canal due to exogenous stimuli may hamper root canal treatment. In endodontic treatment, an operating microscope allows the conditions within the root canal to be directly viewed and evaluated. This report describes a case in which an operating microscope was used to facilitate the excision of a calcified structure from within a root canal at an early stage in th...