The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a form of periodic breathing, is highly prevalent disorder that affects at least 4% of adult male population and 2% of females and is associated with repetitive episodes of complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) occlusion of upper airway during sleep. These episodes result, among others, in loud snoring and in daytime symptoms such as excessive sleep...

To cite: Mardegan V, Doglioni N, De Bernardo G, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/bcr-2014205855 DESCRIPTION A female infant was born at 27 weeks of gestation through emergency caesarean section, performed because of an acute increase of a compressive thoracic malformation diagnosed at the 20th gestational week. At birth, two enormous violaceous m...

PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and feasibility of supra-pubic percutaneous sclero-embolization (SE) in the treatment of symptomatic female pelvic varicocele (FPV), performed under local anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The authors selected 28 patients screened by transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound, with venous Doppler signal. Clinicians performed SE by transfemoral catheterization, u...

BACKGROUND Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome, a congenital disorder, is characterized by capillary malformation, varicosities and bony or soft tissue hypertrophy. Since there is no cure for this disorder, treatment is directed towards secondary prevention of venous hypertension and preservation of functional integrity of the legs. Elastic stockings are the mainstay of treatment and are indicated in al...

Pleurodesis aims to obliterate the pleural space by producing extensive adhesion of the visceral and parietal pleura, in order to control relapse of either pleural effusions (mostly malignant) or pneumothorax. A tight and complete apposition between the two pleural layers is a necessary condition to obtain a successful pleurodesis, but – besides this mechanical aspect – there are many biologica...

scopic therapy after epinephrine injection for bleeding peptic ulcers should be carefully individualized according to the characteristics of the ulcer. A 56-year-old man with diabetes mellitus was admitted with a 24-hour history of hematemesis and melena. On physical examination, his blood arterial pressure was 100/60mmHg and heart rate 120/min. The hemoglobin level was 10.8 g/dL. Endoscopy sho...

Pleurodesis aims to obliterate the pleural space by producing extensive adhesion of the visceral and parietal pleura, in order to control relapse of either pleural effusions (mostly malignant) or pneumothorax. A tight and complete apposition between the two pleural layers is a necessary condition to obtain a successful pleurodesis, but – besides this mechanical aspect – there are many biologica...

BACKGROUND Malignant pleural effusion is a common problem in patients with solid tumours. It has a significant impact on quality of life, and, hence, there is a substantial need to investigate new agents to treat it. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a prospective randomised controlled study, including patients with symptomatic recurrent malignant pleural effusion of different primaries. Patients ...

Recommendations in managing patients with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding were recently updated, addressing resuscitation, risk assessment and pre-endoscopic care, endoscopy, pharmacotherapy, and secondary prophylaxis. Initial adequate resuscitation and risk stratification using validated scales remain critical. Intravenous erythromycin improves visualization when likely to find blo...