autoimmune pancreatitis is a fibro-inflammatory form of chronic pancreatitis. it is diagnosed by the combination of imaging studies such as a ct scan and pancreatography, laboratory analyses that include igg4 and/or autoantibodies, histopathological evaluations and positive response to corticosteroid therapy. we report the case of a 41-year-old female with a history of jaundice and increasing a...

In patients with large gastric varices, dose limitation of the sclerosant can cause difficulties in achieving complete thrombosis of varices during a single balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) procedure. For patients with incomplete variceal thrombosis after the first BRTO, additional sclerosant must be injected in a second BRTO. We report a successful case of BRTO for l...

We describe a case of pulmonary embolism after sclerosant injection for bleeding oesophageal varices. The patient was managed successfully with enoxaparin. Systemic embolization after sclerotherapy is rare and depends upon a number of factors including the amount of sclerosant agent used. The incidence of this complication could be as high as 6% which warrants careful post procedure monitoring ...

A 34-year-old man, who had been treated with an endoscopic injection of a mixture of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) and Lipiodol for control of variceal bleeding 6 months previously, presented with an intracardiac mass in the right atrium (RA). Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed an intracardiac mass in the RA that appeared to extend from the inferior vena cava. The origin of the sc...

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of liquid sclerosant with preliminary saline flush for ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy. Aethoxysklerol was used in varying concentrations ranging from 1.0% to 3.0% according to the volume required. Infusion of sclerosant was preceded by infusion of normal saline. Occlusion rates were determined by life-table analysis. Progressively lower concent...