Japanese Spanish mackerel ( Scomberomorus niphonius ) is an important fish species in the China Seas with wide distribution, extensive migration, and high economic value. This has been yielding fisheries production despite experiencing continuously fishing pressure conversion from gillnet to trawl harvesting. Meanwhile, changes life-history traits have observed, including earlier maturation sma...

ABSTRACT The biochemical defense mechanisms of amphibians involve cutaneous secretions bioactive molecules with antimicrobial activity. This study evaluated the in vitro activity methanolic extracts from two amphibian species Bufonidae family, Rhaebo guttatus and Rhinella marina, control phytopathogens Fusarium udum, solani, Colletotrichum truncatum, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizoctonia Macrophomina...

  Reproduction and spawning patterns of the king fish (Scomberomorus commerson) were studied in the Persian Gulf (Hormozgan Province) and Oman Sea from Oct 2006 to Sep 2007. A total of 1120 fish was collected from different landing sites along the Iranian waters. Yearly analysis of the reproductive stages and gonadosomatic index showed a single reproductive cycle beginning in March and continue...

Insect herbivory is a major driving force of plant evolution. Phenotypic plasticity and developmental variation provide a means for plants to cope with variable herbivory. We characterized the genetics of developmental variation and phenotypic plasticity in trichome density, a putative defensive trait of Mimulus guttatus (yellow monkeyflower). Our results are evaluated in relation to the optima...