About 30 female and juvenile Himalayan thar (Hemitragus jemlahicus) were observed over 2 years on a 200 ha study area. At dawn, thar were at low altitudes and most were feeding. They ascended during the morning to spend the middle of the day resting at high altitudes. In the afternoon they descended again, with increasing feeding activity, to reach low altitudes at dusk. The vertical movement w...

Environmental ethicists believe it is immoral for human action to result in the extinction of a species. The US Endangered Species Act of 1973 codifies this belief. This paper describes an ongoing case study involving the development of a DSS model to predict the price of Florida scrub habitat. This habitat is crucial to the survival of the Florida scrub-jay, a bird found only in Florida that i...

riority trial require that an initial difference in outcomes between groups be designated as a clinically relevant difference. Adhering to a strict interpretation of the results of the equivalency trial, one can only make conclusions with respect to the difference in outcomes initially designated. For our study, we chose 6% as that designated difference, to avoid a potentially meaningless diffe...

Soil water repellency (SWR) was studied in 64 surface soil samples from Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain), distributed over three different plant communities (natural and afforested Canarian pine forest, and high mountain legume scrub) and three types of soil parent materials (basaltic and salic rocks and basaltic tephra). Soils were studied for physicochemical properties (soil pH and salinity, ...

Chaparral and coastal sage scrub communities have a disproportionately high number of rare and endangered plants and thus are of particular conservation concern. Unnaturally high fire frequency has been a leading cause of degradation of chaparral and coastal sage scrub ecosystems. Although these shrublands are fire-adapted, below a certain threshold of fire frequency, resilience is inversely re...

David B. McDonald1, Wayne K. Potts2, John W. Fitzpatrick3 and Glen E. Woolfenden4 1Department of Zoology and Physiology, University ofWyoming, Laramie,WY 82071-3166, USA ([email protected]) 2Department of Biology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA 3Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, 159 SapsuckerWoods Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA 4Archbold Biological Station, 123 Main Drive,Venus, FL ...

We are concerned here with explaining how successful rule-following behavior might evolve and how an old evolved rule might come to be successfully used in a new context. Such rule-following behavior is illustrated in the transitive judgments of pinyon and scrub-jays (Bond et al., Anim Behav 65:479–487, 2003). We begin by considering how successful transitive rule-following behavior might evolv...

In the early 1900s, the Ford Motor Company would not have known what a T1 line was. If somebody had suggested to the senior managers at Ford that a T1 line would one day have something to do with who would manufacture the tires on Ford’s cars, they would have been shown the door – for this was a time when the Ford Motor Company bought a rubber plantation in order to control the production of ti...

In the UNIX/Linux environment the kernel can log every command process created by every user using process accounting. This data has many potential uses, including the investigation of security incidents. However, process accounting data is also sensitive since it contains private user information. Consequently, security system administrators have been hindered from sharing these logs. Given th...