Dead store elimination is a widely used compiler optimization that reduces code size and improves performance. However, it can also remove seemingly useless memory writes that the programmer intended to clear sensitive data after its last use. Security-savvy developers have long been aware of this phenomenon and have devised ways to prevent the compiler from eliminating these data scrubbing ope...

A number of techniques have been proposed to reduce the risk of data loss in hard-drives, from redundant disks (e.g., RAID systems) to error coding within individual drives. Disk scrubbing is a background process that reads disks during idle periods to detect irremediable read errors in infrequently accessed sectors. Timely detection of such latent sector errors (LSEs) is important to reduce da...

A new simple recovery scheme for transient bit errors in the RAM of a ROM-based embedded system is presented, which exploits the information stored in the ROM. And a new scrubbing technique suitable to the proposed recovery scheme is also presented. With the proposed recovery scheme and scrubbing technique, the reliability of the RAM against transient bit errors can be improved remarkably with ...

The experiments were conducted to investigate the NO removal by wet scrubbing using NaClO2 seawater solution in a cyclic scrubbing mode. Results show that, when the concentration of NaClO2 in scrubbing solution is higher than 10 mM, a complete removal of NO can be achieved during the cyclic scrubbing process. The breakthrough time for seawater with 15 mM NaClO2 is enhanced by 34.3 % compared wi...

− The present paper deals with the extractive separation and selective recovery of nickel and lithium from the sulfate leachate of cathode scrap generated during the manufacture of LIBs. The conditions for extraction, scrubbing and stripping of nickel from lithium were optimized with an aqueous feed containing 2.54 kg·m Ni and 4.82 kg·m Li using PC-88A. Over 99.6% nickel was extracted with 0.15...

This paper concerns how rule-following behavior might evolve in the context of a variety of Skyrms-Lewis signaling game[13][15], how such rules might subsequently evolve to be used in new contexts, and how such appropriation allows for the composition of evolved rules. We will also consider how the composition of simpler rules to form more complex rules may be significantly more efficient than ...

At the system level, SEUs in processors are controlled by fault-tolerance techniques such as replication and voting, watchdog processors, and tagged data schemes [13,16,30]. SEUs in memory subsystems are controlled by use of error control codes (ECCs) [4,17,21] and a process called scrubbing. The scrubbing process periodically reads each word in the memory. If the number of faulty digits in a w...