The continuing deluge of nucleotide polymorphism data is providing insights into the role of adaptation in shaping genome-wide patterns of variability and molecular evolution. Population genetic models in which linkage and selection interact (i.e. hitchhiking) predict that selection can leave 'footprints' in closely linked genomic regions. New analytical approaches show promise for distinguishi...

Recently, aptamers have attracted the attention of many scientists, because they not only have all of the advantages of antibodies, but also have unique merits, such as thermal stability, low cost, and unlimited applications. In this review, we present the reasons why aptamers are known as alternatives to antibodies. Furthermore, several types of in vitro selection processes, including nitrocel...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a linear programming methodology for solving multiattribute group decision making problems using intuitionistic fuzzy (IF) sets. In this methodology, IF sets are constructed to capture fuzziness in decision information and decision making process. The group consistency and inconsistency indices are defined on the basis of pairwise comparison preference re...

We have investigated a situation in which externally available response alternatives and their internal representations could be dissociated, by suddenly removing some action alternatives from the response space during the interval between the free selection and the execution of a voluntary action. Choice reaction times in this situation were related to the number of initially available respons...

Software Architecture has emerged as an important sub-discipline of software engineering. A key aspect of the design of any software is its architecture styles, i.e. components and connectors and their relationships. Selecting the best style is difficult because there are multiple factors such as project risk, corporate goals, limited availability of resources, etc. Therefore this study present...

The article solves the problem of more efficient and economical training combat crews on short range air defense systems. so far is based use conventional means, which require engagement a large number people, expensive equipment, long-term planning spending lot time space. unmanned aerial vehicles - drones, greatly saves all these resources. Our mathematical model, using methods multicriteria ...

This paper presents an approach for portfolio selection using evolutionary programming as a tool for optimization. The goal is to find the mix of stocks that minimize risk expressed as standard deviation for a certain expected return. Two alternatives approaches are developed (Hillclimbing and Random) to measure the performance of the modified genetic algorithm. Key-Words: Evolutionary Computin...

Selection ability (selecting a response from several competing semantic and/or lexical representations) was tested in 21 participants with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 28 control participants to help clarify the nature of semantic impairments in AD. Selection demands were manipulated in 3 tasks (lexical fluency, comparison, and verb generation). In each, high-selection conditions required respo...

The January 2004 Presidential Directive to NASA to adopt a goal-oriented space exploration program poses many challenges. These include sustained and affordable human and robotic space programs to explore the Solar System starting with a human return to the Moon and subsequent human exploration of Mars. Meeting the exploration technical and safety goals while meeting programmatic constraints re...

For many decision problems with uncertainty, triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number is a useful tool in expressing ill-known quantities. This paper develops a novel decision method based on zero-sum game for multiple attribute decision making problems where the attribute values take the form of triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers and the attribute weights are unknown. First, a new value ind...