A dense network of extrinsic and intrinsic sensory neurons supplies the gastrointestinal tract. Intrinsic sensory neurons provide the enteric nervous system with the kind of information that this brain of the gut requires for its autonomic control of digestion, whereas extrinsic afferents notify the brain about processes that are relevant to energy and fluid homeostasis and the sensation of dis...

The concept of depressor reflexes originating in the heart was introduced by von Bezold in 1867 and was later revived by Jarisch. The Bezold-Jarisch reflex originates in cardiac sensory receptors with nonmyelinated vagal afferent pathways. The left ventricle, particularly the inferoposterior wall, is a principal location for these sensory receptors. Stimulation of these inhibitory cardiac recep...

Basal ganglia is a term to denote subcortical nuclei, consisting of the striatum (putamen or PUT and caudate nucleus or CN), the pallidum (internal and external globus pallidus or Gpi and GPe), sunthalamic nucleus (STN), and substantia nigra (pars compacta or SNc and pars reticulata or SNr). These structures are situated intermediate between the cerebral cortex (mainly frontal lobe) and the tha...

OBJECTIVE Understanding parents' hopes for therapy outcomes is essential to family-centered care. This qualitative study explored parents' points of view regarding their hopes for the outcomes of occupational therapy using a sensory integration treatment approach. METHOD Data were collected as part of a larger research project on the effectiveness of rehabilitating children who have sensory m...

background:  speech is the most important aspect of development that related to central nervous system maturation in cognitive sensory motor domain. disorders of speech may disrupt other aspects of development. the study aimed to investigate the prevalence of speech disorders among primary schoolchildren in kermanshah during 2008-9. methods: six hundred schoolchildren from three educational reg...

INTRODUCTION With aging, the sensory systems suffer an accumulation of degenerative, infectious and/or traumatic processes that may hinder the body balance maintenance. OBJECTIVE To assess the influence of sensory information on static body balance of elderly individuals with vestibular disorders. METHODS Cross-sectional study of elderly individuals with vestibular disorders. The Clinical T...

Attentional deficits are common in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, autism, bipolar mood disorder, and schizophrenia. There has been increasing interest in the neurodevelopmental components of these attentional deficits; neurodevelopmental meaning that while the deficits become clinically prominent in childhood or adulthood, the deficit...