Recent advances in linguistics, in information theory, and in digital data-handling techniques promise to make possible the translation of languages by machine. This paper 1 proposes a system for translating languages by machine — with the hope that when such a system is worked out in detail, some of the language barriers can be overcome. It is hoped, too, that the translations will have an acc...

We present a resource-lean neural recognizer for modeling coherence in commonsense stories. Our lightweight system is inspired by successful attempts to modeling discourse relations and stands out due to its simplicity and easy optimization compared to prior approaches to narrative script learning. We evaluate our approach in the Story Cloze Test1 demonstrating an absolute improvement in accura...

After elaborating the definition of working memory, the relationship between short-term memory and working memory, chunking in SLA and the relationship between short-term memory and chunking, this paper proves the importance of chunking through the experiment: the students’ capacity in fast reading, reading in depth, listening and cloze from experimental group was affected by vocabulary depth t...

one of the most problematic areas in foreign language learning is collocation. it is often seen as arbitrary and an overwhelming obstacle to the achievement of nativelike fluency. current second language (l2) instruction research has encouraged the use of collaborative output tasks in l2 classrooms. this study examined the effects of two types of output tasks (editing and cloze) on the learning...

this study aimed at investigating differential item functioning (dif) on the special english test of the iranian national university entrance exam (inuee). the effect of gender and subject area was taken into account. the study utilized one-parameter irt model with a sample of 36000 students who sat for the inuee special english test in 2004 and/or 2005. the findings confirmed the presence of d...

Este artigo resulta de pesquisa, com apoio na Psicolinguística, que teve como objetivo examinar a compreensão leitora alunos do 9º ano Ensino Fundamental II ao 3º Médio, considerando escolaridade, instrumentos e questões. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 74 distribuídos nesses anos, uma escola pública cidade Porto Alegre (RS/Brasil). A coleta dados foi realizada utilizando testes no formato Questi...

In this paper, we propose a novel configurable framework to automatically generate distractive choices for open-domain cloze-style multiple-choice questions. The incorporates general-purpose knowledge base effectively create small distractor candidate set, and feature-rich learning-to-rank model select distractors that are both plausible reliable. Experimental results on new dataset across four...