Plants grown under dense canopies perceive through the phytochrome system a reduction in the ratio of red to far-red light as a warning of competition, and this triggers a series of morphological changes to avoid shade. Several phytochrome signaling intermediates acting as positive regulators of accelerated elongation growth and induction of flowering in shade avoidance have been identified. He...

The results of our experiments on categorical perception of different shades of gray are reported. A special color generator was created for conducting the experiments on categorizing a random sequence of colors into two classes, light-gray and dark-gray. The collected data are analyzed based on constructing (i) the asymptotics of the corresponding psychometric functions and (ii) the mean decis...

The success of the dental treatment as perceived by our patients is often preferentially evaluated on the appearance of the restoration. Usually visual determination is unreliable and inconsistent, complicated by the inability of the shade guide to cover the entire dental color range and also there is lack of logical order of arrangement of the tabs. Hence a clinical study is planned to perform...

Plants sense neighbor proximity as a decrease in the ratio of red to far-red light, which triggers a series of developmental responses. In Arabidopsis, phytochrome B (PHYB) is the major sensor of shade, but PHYB excitation has not been linked directly to a growth response. We show that the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor PIF7 (phytochrome-interacting factor 7), an interactor ...

1. CanMEDS 2000 project. Skills for the new millennium: report of the Societal Needs Working Group, September 1996. Available at: http://rcpsc.medical.org/publications/index.php (accessed Feb 2006). 2. Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada. CanMEDS 2005 framework. Available at: http://rcpsc.medical.org/canmeds/bestpractices/ framework_e.pdf (accessed Feb 2006). 3. Postgraduate Medi...

When a patient comes in for a consultation for aesthetic treatment, the consultation appointment is divided into two. Firstly, a conventional evaluation with charting, periodontal, occlusal and radiographic surveys, diagnostic models and photographs is performed. Secondly, an aesthetic evaluation involving aesthetic analysis and a focus on the patient’s aesthetic requests is carried out. Media ...

• Community ecologists often assume a hierarchy of environmental sieves to predict the impact of multiple stresses on species distribution. We tested whether this assumption corresponds to physiological responses using impact of water level and shade in wetland vegetation as a model. • Seedlings of four wetland species were grown under full light and simulated canopy shade, both in drained and ...