Development agencies use "cost-effectiveness" analyses for setting priorities among Primary Health Care programs, with "effectiveness" often measured by the short-term :,TLpac+ , ",, -.. luLing-ih;ld ..-. mortaiiry. ijsing data on the long-term effects of water supply and sanitation improvements on mortality in urban France in the 19th century, it is shown that use of this criterion introduces ...

background: bipolar mood disorder type 1 is one of the most serious psychiatric disorders. we aimed to assess the efficacy of a short-term family–focused treatment for patients with bipolar mood disorder type 1 in a one-year follow-up period.   methods: sixty patients with bipolar mood disorder and acute mania episodes who referred to ibn-e-sina psychiatric hospital in mashhad were recruited. h...

Accurate and effective electricity price forecasting is critical to market participants in order to make an appropriate risk management in competitive electricity markets. Market participants rely on price forecasts to decide on their bidding strategies, allocate assets and plan facility investments. However, due to its time variant behavior and non-linear and non-stationary nature, electricity...

BACKGROUND Building research capacity in developing countries using cost-effective methods has been recognized as an important pillar for the production of a sound evidence base for decision-making in policy and practice. We assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a research training course conducted using traditional methods as well as the video-teleconferencing (VTC) method in Pa...

Canada. HTIS responses are based on a limited literature search and are not comprehensive, systematic reviews. The intent is to provide a list of sources and a summary of the best evidence on the topic that CADTH could identify using all reasonable efforts within the time allowed. HTIS responses should be considered along with other types of information and health care considerations. The infor...

BACKGROUND Many patients experience difficulties in adhering to long-term treatment. Although patients' reasons for not being adherent are diverse, one of the most commonly reported barriers is forgetfulness. Reminding patients to take their medication may provide a solution. Electronic reminders (automatically sent reminders without personal contact between the healthcare provider and patient)...

This work briefly introduces the recurrent residual network which is a combination of the residual network and the long short term memory network(LSTM). The residual network is featured by residual blocks and the LSTM as a variant of RNN, is featured by the recurrent structure and long short term-memory cells. We modify the LSTM by adding residual links between nonadjacent layers. Experiments o...