Ten cadaveric shoulders were tested to evaluate the effect of simulated contraction of the long head of the biceps brachii on glenohumeral translation. The shoulders were mounted on a special apparatus attached to a servo-controlled hydraulic testing device. Sequential 50 N anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior forces and a 22 N joint compressive load were applied to the shoulders. An air...

CONTEXT Wheelchair tennis has been identified as a high-risk sport for shoulder injury, so understanding shoulder pathology in these athletes is important. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the incidence and pattern of shoulder injuries in wheelchair tennis players using high-resolution ultrasonography. DESIGN Descriptive study. SETTING International Wheelchair Tennis Open. PARTICIPANTS...

INTRODUCTION Numerous anatomic studies of the shoulder have quantified the size, shape, and variability of either the humerus or scapula individually. However, few have attempted to quantify the relationship of the humerus to the scapula to better understand the spatial variation of these bones in both male and female shoulders. METHODS Seventy-four cadaveric shoulder CT scans (37 males and 3...

Certain regions of the body can be relatively difficult to image optimally by computed tomography (CT). The lower neck falls into this category. A routine transverse image at this level includes the shoulders, which can cause beam hardening [1] . Beam hardening reduces subject contrast and often produces streak artifacts between the shoulders [2, 3]. This image degradation is especially trouble...

We performed a prospective study using MRI in 16 consecutive infants with a mean age of 5.2 months (2.7 to 8.7) who had shown inadequate recovery from an obstetric lesion of the brachial plexus in the first three months of life, in order to identify early secondary deformities of the shoulder. Shoulders were analysed according to a standardised MRI protocol. Measurements were made of the appear...

The objective of this study was to determine how simulated manual wheelchair pushing influences biomechanical loading to the lumbar spine and shoulders. Sixty-two subjects performed simulated wheelchair pushing and turning in a laboratory. An electromyography-assisted biomechanical model was used to estimate spinal loads. Moments at the shoulder joint, external hand forces and net turning torqu...