"Frozen shoulder" comprises a group of conditions caused by different processes. Effective treatment depends on recognition of the underlying pathologic dis-order in each individual case. Idiopathic adhesive capsulitis usually responds to nonoperative therapy or closed manipulation, but shoulder stiffness due to trauma or surgery may necessitate either an arthroscopic or an open-release procedu...

backgroundsitting on inappropriate benches, as well as the poor posture (body position) during the years of growth, can lead to spinal disorders, fatigue and discomfort in students. this study aimed to investigate the relationship between features of desks and chairs and prevalence of some musculoskeletal disorders in primary school students in abadan.materials and methodsthis cross-sectional s...

BACKGROUND Stroke and hemiplegia are frequent complications of stroke. This study was performed to sonographically evaluate post-stroke hemiplegic shoulders and explore possible relationship(s) between the sonographic findings and clinical indices. MATERIAL/METHODS Forty-five stroke patients and 45 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. Standard sonographic examination of both shoulder...

One hundred and fifty asymptomatic shoulders in 75 schoolchildren were studied. The shoulders were tested for instability and a hyperextensometer was used to assess joint laxity. Signs of instability were found in 57% of the shoulders in boys and 48% in girls; the commonest sign was a positive posterior drawer test which was found in 63 shoulders. A positive sulcus sign was found in 17 shoulder...

BACKGROUND Shoulders of throwing and swimming athletes are highly stressed joints that often show structural abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, while water polo players exhibit a combination of throwing and swimming movements, a specific pattern of pathological findings has not been described. PURPOSE To assess specific MRI abnormalities in shoulders of elite water po...