Verapamil is a drug that blocks L-type calcium channels and selectively inhibits calcium ion entry into the central and peripheral nervous system cells. Verapamil is used acutely and chronically in treatment of some cardiovascular and central nervous system disorders. It has also been shown that acute administration of verapamil has no significant effect on learning and memory in rats, but the ...

Background and Objective: Lipolysaccharide (LPS) is a large molecule isolated from bacteria such as the enterobacteriaceae family with a negative effect on memory and learning through disturbing the balance of free radicals and creating oxidative stress conditions. In this study, we evaluated  the effect of quercetin on oxidative stress and LPS-induced memory impairment in the rat. Materials a...

Background: Pistachio is a plant that has long been cultivated in different parts of Iran. Pistachios are very nutritious and contain vitamins E and B, flavonoids, antioxidants, and carotenoids. Since the pistachio is effective in the treatment of some neurological disorders and is indigenous to Iran and considering the substantial use of this nut, it is necessary to investigate its effects on ...

In this study, the efficacy of Coriandrum and salvia extracts in spatial and passive avoidance memory in mice was studied. 56 male mice (25-30g) divided randomly into 8 groups: negative control, positive control and extract administered (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of both plants), and treated for 25 days. negative and positive control group received normal saline and Ritalin respectively. After trai...

Introduction: Lead (Pb) is a neurotoxin that its different effects on the central nervous system are well-known. Previous studies have reported the potent effects of vitamin C on memory.The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin C against leadinduced amnesia. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: the control (saline), negative contr...

Introduction: Cholinergic systems are involved in learning and memory. Scopolamine, a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, is used as a standard/ reference drug for inducing cognitive deficits in healthy humans and animals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of scopolamine on avoidance memory and number of neurons in rat’s hippocampus. . Methods: Thirty five male alb...