the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of urban viability indicators in Shahrekord, based on the position of urban management. Research in terms of purpose (type of use) is an applied research. The method used in this research is a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study is Shahrekord residents, and the statistical area of ​​the whole area is loca...

The role and importance of social capital as a modern concept in the social, cultural, political and economic contexts of the societies and its important functions besides the other types of capitals (cultural, human, physical and economic) places a greater attention on the development of this concept. Comparative studies have also been conducted to analyze and compare the positive impacts of s...

Backgrand Earthquake is one of the most important and destructive natural hazards in Iranian cities and the psychological and social nsequences of catastrophe vary according to age, gender, economic and social class. Materials and Methods: The present study is a qualitative research that we conducted with the method of grounded theory research and with the aim of understanding the social conse...