Executive Summary. Results from the 2012 AmericasBarometer Survey indicate that the current protests in Brazil are truly unprecedented in the country's recent history. However, the 2012 data from Brazil also reveal certain trends in socioeconomic development and disenchantment with government performance that have created an environment ripe for the emergence of contentious demonstrations. In a...

This research focuses on the role played by cultural norms in the long run persistence of gender inequalities. Cultural norms about gender roles are considered to be endogenous and can generate gender inequality and low development traps. Indeed, when the gender gap is internalized, it leads to inegalitarian views about gender roles. Due to these inegalitarian beliefs, boys receive more educati...

urban management in any context has a different economic, social and political structure, which is in harmony with the existing models of organization. in spite of these differences, in order to reach a sustainable urban development, several different conferences should be referred to. in the “brundtland commission 1987” about urban sustainable development these definitions have been given: “pr...

Ability to have good interpersonal relationship without social anxiety is the inseparable component of an effective nursing care process. The purpose of this study was to determine relationship between social anxiety and some demographic characteristics in undergraduate nursing students. This descriptive analytic study includes 400 students from Tehran University of Medical Sciences who were re...

introduction after the rapid population growth in the iranian cities, these cities have experienced great changes. the physical structures of the cities are eroded and the managers have no attention to them. many immigrants entered the cities  have dwelled in the inefficient urban textures like in the marginal areas and old textures. thus, the environmental quality of place has been weak. undes...

This article analyzes different factors leading to economic and social disparities: the relationship between economic growth and inequality; the linkage between social disparities and environmental degradation; inequalities caused by globalization; gender discrimination and its impacts on economic growth; corruption damaging sound economic development and leading to more social disparities, etc...

To clarify the social life factors affecting suicide mortality in Japanese men and women, the relationship between a wide variety of social and demographic indicators and age-adjusted suicide mortality was assessed in 46 prefectures in Japan by stepwise multiple-regression analysis after classification of the indicators by factor analysis. The findings indicated that rural residence was the maj...

The success of tourism development heavily depends on residents’ support. Broader literature suggests sense of place and social capital are important precedents of residents’ attitudes and behavior. However, limited attention has been paid to this topic in tourism, especially in Iran. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the relationship between sense of place, social capital and r...

As an important aspect for the level of wealth, social welfare and economic growth, the housing stock, and more specifically, home ownership are significant structural mechanisms in the reduction of poverty and social inequalities. Nevertheless, the difficulties in measuring the prices of real capital such as housing are very well known. These difficulties stem, in part, from the heterogeneity ...