The susceptibility of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) larvae to the neogregarine parasite, Ophryocystis elektroscirrha, was tested in the laboratory. Spore loads recovered from infected monarch butterflies were directly related to the inoculum level, larval stage of the host, and spore age. There was a linear relationship between spores ingested by first instar larvae and spore concent...

Defining the physiological mechanisms that set metabolic rates and the 'cost of living' is important for understanding the energy costs of development. Embryos and larvae of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus (Verrill) were used to test hypotheses regarding differential costs of protein synthesis in animals differing in size, rates of protein synthesis, and physiological feeding states. For embry...

Tissue injury and infection trigger innate immune responses. However, dysregulation may result in chronic inflammation and is commonly treated with corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Unfortunately, long-term administration of both therapeutic classes can cause unwanted side effects. To identify alternative immune-modulatory compounds we have previously established a nove...

Didelphostrongylus hayesi gen. et sp. n. from the opossum, Didelphis marsupialis, is distinguished from other genera of the Angoistrongylinae by the structure of the dorsal and lateral rays, complex gubernaculum, and ovoviviparity. Third-stage larvae developed in Mesodon perigraptus and Triodopsis albolabris. The prepatent period was 22 days in experimentally infected opossums.

Juvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase (JHEH) is an important enzyme in the degradation pathways of juvenile hormone (JH) in insects. It converts JH to JH diol and hydrolyses JH acid to JH acid diol. JHEH titers regulate the entire process of insect development. In this study, full length ldjheh cDNA (2101 bp) was cloned from the Asian gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.; Lepidoptera: Lymantridae), and...

This study was conducted  to evaluate the antifungal effects of garlic (Allium sativum) and wormwood (Artemisia sieberia) 80-85% purity ethanolic extracts on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs incubation and larvae survival rate. The experimental group divided to three different doses of garlic (50,100,200 ppm), wormwood (25, 50, 100 ppm), green malachite (2 ppm) as positive control group...

Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, eight species (five adult and three larval) of nematodes belonging to the Ascaridida, Oxyurida and Enoplida were collected from fishes of the Okavango River, Botswana, namely Falcaustra similis Moravec et Van As, 2004, Atractidae gen. sp. (only female) (both Cosmocercoidea), Cucullanus sp. (only female) (Seuratoidea), Cithariniella lon...

Colonization of the lagoon at Moorea Island, French Polynesia, by fish larvae was studied with a net fixed on the outer reef crest in order to observe die1 and lunar cycles. Fish larvae entered the lagoon at dusk and at night, mainly during moonless periods. Colonization was closely related to decreasing light intensity; it was 4 times greater during new moon than during full moon. Other enviro...

REINECKE, R. K. An anthelmintic test for gastro-intestinal nematodes of cattle. Onderstepoort]. vet. Res. 39(3), 153-178 (1972). Suitable experimental groups of calves for controlled anthelmintic tests were created by repeatedly dosing susceptible worm-free animals orally with infective larvae of Haemonchus placei, Osterta,~ia ostertagi, Oesophagostomum radiatttm and Cooperia spp. (C. pectinata...