This paper examines the hypothesis that there is a single economic market for the international steam coal industry and investigates the degree of steam coal market integration over time. The long-run relations between international steam coal prices are tested through cointegration analysis and the Kalman Filter analysis is employed to examine the convergence path of the price series. A regres...

Poor control of the nuclear steam generator (SG) water level of pressurized Water Reactor can lead to frequent reactor shutdowns. In addition, the steam generator is a highly complex, nonlinear and time-varying system and its parameters vary with operating conditions. The dynamics of a nuclear steam generator is very different according to the power levels and changes as time goes on. Therefore...

this experiment was conducted to quantify leaf production and senescence in wheat. the experiment was carried out at research farm of the gorgan university of agricultural sciences and natural resources, gorgan, iran in 2005 using a randomized complete design considering sowing dates as environment. treatments were sowing date (14 december, 20 jan and 21 feb, 2005) and cultivars (aria, atrak, k...

BACKGROUND While advantages of biofuel have been widely reported, studies also highlight the challenges in large scale production of biofuel. Cost of ethanol and process energy use in cellulosic ethanol plants are dependent on technologies used for conversion of feedstock. Process modeling can aid in identifying techno-economic bottlenecks in a production process. A comprehensive techno-economi...

Medicinal plante Borazambol with the scientific name of Perovskia abrotanoides Karel. belongs to the family Lamiaceae. It is growing wild in the margin of mountainous roads of arid and cold climate of north Iran. It is for a long time that indigenous people by different methods in traditional medicine use its products in preventing and curing diseases. In this research, essential oils of Perovs...

In this study, a new technical process for hardening wood fiber insulation boards is introduced. During the dry-process, the fibers are usually glued with polymeric-diphenylmethane-diisocyanate (pMDI) and hardened to wood fiber insulation boards using a steam-air mixture. However, the maximum temperature reached in the steam-air process was 100 °C, and it was impossible to use an alternative bi...

Six potentially important wood adhesives for gluing southern pine and white oak flakeboards were evaluated for their perfonnances in steam-injection pressing and conventional platen pressing. Of the six resins tested, polyisocyanate resin perfonned well in both steam injection and conventional platen pressings. Phenol-fonnaldehyde (PF) and melamine urea-fonnaldehyde (MUF) resins perfonned poorl...

A review of the literature and discussions with plant operators has been undertaken to establish present knowledge and understanding of the chemistry of the condensates formed on steam turbines and the link to system operation. This has been supplemented by an overview of the effect of test variables on environment assisted cracking. In Section 1, steam turbine operating conditions are describe...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of warm and cold physical as well as chemical processing methods on the nutritive value of barley grains by gas production technique. The processing methods included milling, steam flaking, extruding and soaking up the grain in water containing 1.00% citric acid, 1.00% propionic acid and 0.01 M sulfuric acid. Two-hundred mg of milling sam...

Steam Turbines are devices used to convert thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy, which may be used to produce Electrical Energy. Steam turbine generator units are being used extensively all over the world for generation of electric power and for co-generation of steam and power. Contact pressure and pretension in bolts-analysis has been made easier in recent years due to the availabil...