When organisms perform a single task, selection leads to phenotypes that maximize performance at that task. When organisms need to perform multiple tasks, a trade-off arises because no phenotype can optimize all tasks. Recent work addressed this question, and assumed that the performance at each task decays with distance in trait space from the best phenotype at that task. Under this assumption...

The importance of small urban parks (SUP) in mega cities has been accepted as an essential component of urban lung and restorative settings. As urban population in the world increases and the cost of maintaining large parks escalates, urban authorities are shifting their attention to creating and maintaining smaller urban parks. However, SUP may present a different ambience due to their locatio...

the present paper introduces the notion of the complete fuzzy norm on a linear space. and, some relations between the fuzzy completeness and ordinary completeness on a linear space is considered, moreover a new form of fuzzy compact spaces, namely b-compact spaces and b-closed spaces are introduced. some characterizations of their properties are obtained.

Introduction: Irregular/blocked fields are routinely used in radiotherapy. The doses of these fields are usually calculated by means of equivalent square method that is inherently prone to uncertainty. On the other hand, Clarkson’s sector integration method is a dose calculation method which offers far better accuracy in dose calculation of irregular fields. The Scatter Air Ratio (SAR) of an in...

From long ago, square has been considered as a space for performing area of cities, and it has been a factor determining the identity of cities through its design and structures. However, with the growth of cities and arrival of modernity management challenges are facing cities. Accordingly, cities have gradually changed into a place for predicting different types of technological, conceptual...

Abstract We propose a new method to recognize 3D free-form objects from their apparent contours. It is the extension of our established method to recognize objects with fixed edges. Object models are compared with 3D boundaries which are extracted by segment-based stereo vision. Based on the local shapes of the boundaries, candidate transformations are generated. The candidates are verified and...

We obtain the expression of Ricci tensor for a $GCR$-lightlikesubmanifold of indefinite complex space form and discuss itsproperties on a totally geodesic $GCR$-lightlike submanifold of anindefinite complex space form. Moreover, we have proved that everyproper totally umbilical $GCR$-lightlike submanifold of anindefinite Kaehler manifold is a totally geodesic $GCR$-lightlikesubmanifold.

Electromagnetic power, which is one of the fast ways for forming, is used for forming workpieces without having any effect on them. Using it causes the workpieces to reach the minimum back spring and tear; consequently building the equipment like pistons will cost less than before. Electromagnetic power is used for forming Aluminium sheets into V shapes in this study. As the coils connect the m...