1. The modulation of reflex responses in up to 10 simultaneously recorded hindlimb muscles was studied in unrestrained cats walking on a treadmill. Single electrical shocks of various strengths were applied to different skin areas of teh hindlimb at different times of the step cycle while the resulting EMG responses were sampled and analyzed. 2. Two excitatory response peaks (P1 and P2) at a la...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of asymptomatic back muscle weakness and spinal deformity on low back pain (LBP). METHODS Sixty healthy subjects without LBP participated in this study. Radiography and an isokinetic/isometric dynamometer were used to respectively measure spinal scoliosis/lordosis and the strength of the trunk flexors/extensors. After 2 years, 48 subjects visited the hospi...

This experiment was designed to study the relationship between the cross-sectional area of rat skeletal muscle showing glycogen loss and the muscle forces exerted during exercise. Muscular force exerted by the extensors of the elbows and ankle was increased by 24% by loading rats with 24% of their body mass while running them on a treadmill at 30 m.min-1. VO2 increased by 24% and stride frequen...

OBJECTIVE The tendons of the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles are quite useful in tendon transfer, such as in correction of finger clawing and restoration of thumb opposition. Knowledge of additional radial wrist extensor muscle bellies with independent tendons is useful in the above-mentioned surgical procedures. METHODS The skin, subcutaneous tissue, and antebrachial fascia...

Background: The Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL) and the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB) are muscles of the posterior forearm compartment. variations in this area of the forearm are common and are usually diagnosed during surgery. Sometimes these variations are symptomatic and can be helpful in clinical procedures such as surgery. Diagnosis and identification of abnormalities can be ...

Mohandas K. G. Rao, Venkata Ramana Vollala, Seetharama M. Bhat, Sreenivas Bolla, Vijay Paul Samuel, Narendra Pamidi Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), Manipal, India Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohandas Rao KG, Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College (Manipal Campus), International Centre for Health Sciences, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, Indi...

Serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role both in the development and in the recovery of locomotion after spinalization in vertebrates. We investigated the contribution of the serotonergic system to the maturation of the lumbar motoneurons and networks in the neonatal rat. A 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), was administered daily from the first postnatal day (P0) onward. T...

Immune mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) is a unique form of myositis that is characterized by distinct muscle biopsy features including abundant myofiber necrosis, degeneration, and regeneration with only minimal, if any, inflammation on muscle biopsy. IMNM is clinically similar to idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM); hence, muscle biopsy is essential to diagnose IMNM. Herein we describe...

OBJECTIVE The present study assessed the reliability and validity of isokinetic dynamometry in the qualitative determination of the evolution of total knee arthroplasty. CASES 20 patients whose mean age was 71.35 years, undergoing knee arthroplasty, and 25 controls whose mean age was 71.36 years. METHOD Computerized isokinetic assessment of flexor and extensor muscles using a CYBEX 6000 dyn...