This paper investigates the multiplicative spread spectrum watermarking method for the image. The information bit is spreaded into middle-frequency Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients of each block of an image using a generated pseudo-random sequence. Unlike the conventional signal modeling, we suppose that both signal and noise are distributed with Laplacian distribution, because the ...

 Edge Detection is an important task for sharpening the boundary of images to detect the region of interest. This paper applies a linear cellular automata rules and a Mamdani Fuzzy inference model for edge detection in both monochromatic and the RGB images. In the uniform cellular automata a transition matrix has been developed for edge detection. The Results have been compared to the ...

This paper presents an optimal design for a Love wave reflective delay line on 41o YX LiNbO₃ with a polymer guiding layer for wireless sensor applications. A theoretical model was established to describe the Love wave propagation along the larger piezoelectric substrate with polymer waveguide, and the lossy mechanism from the viscoelastic waveguide was discussed, which results in the optimal gu...

This paper describes the design of an All-Digital Phase Locked Loop (AD-PLL) for wireless applications in the WiMAX 3.3– 3.8 GHz bandwidth. The time/digital converter (TDC) sets the in-band noise and it may be responsible for the presence of spurious tones at the PLL output. The TDC is implemented as a delay-locked loop (DLL) to be insensitive to process spreads and it uses a lead-lag phase det...

In this work, a feature-based system for the automatic classification of stop consonants, in speaker independent continuous speech, is reported. The system uses a new auditorybased speech processing front-end that is based on the biologically rooted property of average localized synchrony detection (ALSD). It incorporates new algorithms for the extraction and manipulation of the acoustic-phonet...

An optical Fourier transform processor converts visibility data at its input to a sky brightness function at its output. Scattered light and spurious terms resulting from the method of encoding the complex visibility function as a real -valued and nonnegative transmittance result in errors in the processor output. In this paper, we discuss the degree to which each of these undesired terms degra...

a fuzzy observer based scheme for synchronizing two hyperchaoticoscillators via a scalar transmitted signal for cryptographic application isproposed. the takagi-sugeno fuzzy model exactly represents chaotic systems.based on the general fuzzy model, the fuzzy observer of a chaotic system isdesigned on the basis of the n-shift multiple state based key encryption algorithm.the scalar transmitted s...

The AII amacrine cell of mammalian retina collects signals from several hundred rods and is hypothesized to transmit quantal "single-photon" signals at scotopic (starlight) intensities. One problem for this theory is that the quantal signal from one rod when summed with noise from neighboring rods would be lost if some mechanism did not exist for removing the noise. Several features of the AII ...